Swiss Voters Reject Proposal to Cap Population at 10 Million

Switzerland has rejected a referendum proposal to cap its population at 10 million, a projection shows, as voters prioritised economic stability and the country’s ⁠ties with the European Union over immigration concerns.

A preliminary projection published by national broadcaster SRF on Sunday indicated about 45 percent of voters were in favour of the proposal and 55 percent against, in a vote championed by the main right-wing party.

Final ballots were cast earlier that day on the measure proposed by the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) which has fanned anti-migration sentiment over the years.

Driven by concerns about immigration, pressure on public services and housing, the constitutional change pitched by the SVP mandated that the population must not exceed 10 million by 2050. Official projections put it on track to hit that figure by the early 2040s.

Urs Bieri from polling firm GFS Bern said the vote failed because although many people were worried about the rising population, they were not convinced by the plan and worried about the possible side-effects.

“From the very beginning it has been presented as the chaos initiative. Voters were worried about negative consequences for Switzerland’s relationship with the EU and for the labour market,” he said.

“People are also worried about things like having enough care and health workers. Also there’s a feeling that in the current international environment it’s not sensible for a small country to do ⁠this.”

If the yes vote had gone through, the government would have been forced to restrict asylum, family reunification and residency permits, and may have had to scrap Switzerland’s EU deal on the free movement of people.

The SVP said the “sustainability initiative” was necessary because Switzerland’s infrastructure, housing, social programmes, natural resources and way of life have been strained by demographic growth.

The federal government and parliament had opposed the idea.

‘Wake-up call’

Critics of a population cap say the boom in migration over the last generation has brought foreign labour and skills to sectors such as healthcare, finance, pharmaceuticals, and technology. Some also worry the proposal, if approved, would weaken critical ties with Brussels. The EU is Switzerland’s top trading partner.

Even some SVP figures say the failed proposal was not meant to stop free movement, but to serve as a wake-up call.

“I don’t want freedom of movement ended,” said Heinz Taennler, an SVP politician and finance director of the canton of Zug.

“Another million people can still immigrate to Switzerland, but the government needs to take action.”

Swiss democracy gives voters a direct say in policymaking through referendums, typically held four times a year.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has reported that Switzerland had a foreign-born population of 32 percent as of 2024, behind only Luxembourg and Australia among the group’s 38 member countries.

International migration has long been a sensitive issue in Europe, as nations grapple with an ageing population and increasing anti-foreigner sentiment. While that sentiment in other European countries is focused on migrants from the Global South, most foreigners in Switzerland are Europeans.

Since Switzerland and the EU eased restrictions on citizens living and working across their borders in 2002, the Swiss population has grown by 23 percent, to 9.1 million at the end of last year. Economic output has also increased, up 24 percent over the same period, government data shows.

Swiss voters have repeatedly tackled the immigration issue over the last half-century. Only one such referendum – “against mass immigration” in 2014 – narrowly passed, after campaigners stoked fears about overpopulation and rising numbers of Muslims in the country.

While many countries have limits on immigration, none has ever voted to limit its population, Swiss experts say.