French Leclerc tanks successfully shoot down FPV drones with 120mm shells
En resumen
- French Leclerc tanks have successfully tested a new anti-drone capability, using 120mm OEFC F1 shells to intercept FPV drones during live-fire exercises in Abu Dhabi.
- The shells, designed for urban combat, contain over 1100 tungsten pellets, creating a wide spread to counter fast-moving drones.
Resumen generado por IA
Por qué importa
The Ukraine war has fundamentally altered the survivability environment for main battle tanks, particularly against low-cost FPV drones. In response, both Russia and Ukraine have extensively added cage armor, electronic jammers, and extra machine guns to their armored vehicles. France, through its Future Operations Command (CCF), is actively learning from battlefield experiences and accelerating equipment and tactical adjustments, including collaborations with US forces.
圖為法國雷克勒戰車。（圖片取自法國國防部）
〔記者吳哲宇／綜合報導〕俄烏戰爭徹底改變主力戰車生存環境，法國近日證實，雷克勒（Leclerc）主力戰車已在阿布達比實彈測試中，利用120公厘霰彈成功擊落FPV無人機。
軍聞網站「Army Recognition」報導，此次測試使用由KNDS法國分公司開發的OEFC F1霰彈，彈體內裝約1100顆鎢鋼彈丸，有效射程為500公尺，發射出膛後彈殼會立即破裂形成大範圍擴散彈幕，類似超大型霰彈槍，覆蓋無人機飛行路徑。
報導指出，法軍刻意以高難度條件測試，包括橫向高速飛行、非規則機動與較高飛行高度，藉此模擬烏克蘭與中東戰場常見的FPV自殺無人機威脅。
另外，由於FPV無人機結構脆弱，只要螺旋槳、電池或飛控系統受損便會墜毀，因此不需像傳統防空武器般精準直擊，只需讓彈幕覆蓋飛行路徑即可。
相較戰車傳統使用的7.62或12.7公厘機槍，OEFC F1可大幅提高命中率，降低車組在短時間內瞄準高速小型無人機的難度。其概念也類似海軍「方陣快砲」（Phalanx CIWS）等近迫防禦系統，依靠高密度彈幕攔截目標。
值得注意的是，OEFC F1原本並非為反無人機設計，而是法軍過去針對城市戰、壕溝清剿與對付近距離反裝甲人員用途開發。法軍此次等於將既有120公厘彈藥，重新賦予反無人機用途。
不過，法軍坦承，這僅是「投機式反無人機能力」，無法取代專業防空系統。由於勒克勒主砲仰角有限、彈藥攜帶量少、裝填速度較慢，因此主要仍適用於近距離FPV無人機、四旋翼無人機與低空巡飛彈。
報導指出，俄烏戰爭爆發後，主力戰車面對低成本FPV無人機時顯得異常脆弱。俄烏雙方近年已大量加裝籠式裝甲、電子干擾器與額外機槍，以提升裝甲部隊生存性；而法國此次則選擇直接利用現役戰車主砲與既有彈藥，發展新的反無人機戰術。
另外，法軍近年也成立「未來作戰司令部」（CCF），專門負責快速吸收戰場經驗、加速裝備與戰術調整，並與美軍「蠍子」部隊交流合作。此次雷克勒反無人機測試，也被視為法軍吸收俄烏戰爭教訓的重要案例。
Qué observar
Perspectiva de IA — posibilidades, no hechos
France may develop specialized ammunition or modifications for Leclerc tanks to improve their anti-drone capabilities.
Probable · Medio plazo
Other nations operating tanks with similar main gun calibers may explore similar anti-drone tactics using existing ammunition.
Muy probable · Medio plazo
The effectiveness of this tactic will be further tested and refined based on ongoing combat experiences in Ukraine and other conflict zones.
Muy probable · Corto plazo
Preguntas abiertas
- What is the cost-effectiveness of using 120mm shells against FPV drones compared to dedicated anti-air systems?
- How will the limited gun elevation and slow reload speed of the Leclerc tank affect its effectiveness in real combat scenarios against drones?
- What is the range and effectiveness of the OEFC F1 shell against drones at higher altitudes or with more complex maneuvering patterns?
- Will this 'opportunistic anti-drone capability' be integrated into standard Leclerc doctrine or remain a specialized tactic?
