The History and Evolution of the All-You-Can-Eat Buffet

On a cool fall evening after World War II, Las Vegas witnessed a pivotal moment: "officialdom and ‘cafe society’ turn out for the opening of America’s first all-you-can-eat buffet," a local paper chronicled.

It marked a grand occasion for a small town envisioning a future filled with hungry visitors.

The glazed ham and prime rib at the El Rancho Vegas were more than just dishes; they symbolized a transformation in American cuisine.

While the space race and arms race captured Cold War attention, an equally vital "farms race" was underway. Innovations in genetics, chemicals, and motorized equipment nearly tripled U.S. farm production between 1948 and 2017.

The pressing question emerged: what to do with such an abundance of food?

At least three Vegas legends claimed inventing the all-you-can-eat buffet. The best-known tale says promoter Herb McDonald put cheese and cold cuts on a bar one night.

“Gamblers walking by said they were hungry, and the buffet was born,” read McDonald’s 2002 obituary.

Other casinos opened buffets for eating in between gambling, says Michael Green, a history professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

For one lump sum, people carried a plate past salads, meats, pastas and seafood, trying a bit of everything before going back for more. (That last part's important.)

As the all-you-can-eat buffet became a hit, its origin story was disputed. Stories attributing the buffet to the El Rancho are dismissed by Vegas historian Jeffrey Carlson.

“It couldn’t have been that simple,” he says, citing another version that attributes it to the mob that helped found Las Vegas.

In “Neon Metropolis: How Las Vegas Started the Twenty-First Century,” Hal K. Rothman pins the buffet on mobster Davie Berman, who moved from Iowa in 1944 as Jewish gangsters snatched up local hotels and casinos.

Berman hired a chef to feed gamblers who laid lox, whitefish, herring and other Jewish brunch delicacies on a long table. "A Las Vegas tradition, the buffet, was born,” Rothman wrote.

However it all started, all-you-can-eat buffets spread across the republic to restaurants like Golden Corral and Ponderosa. Then they started losing out to casual dining outlets like Olive Garden or Chili’s, food industry expert Darren Tristano says.

Then, in 2020, COVID-19 dealt a blow that persists to this day. Suddenly, piles of food sitting out for everyone to grab weren't quite as appealing.

Longtime Las Vegas food journalist Al Mancini, though, says buffets will always have a place there.

"There’s a visceral reaction to just loading up that tray,” he says. "People still love that, and I think they always will."