Study: Khufu Pyramid's structure may have protected it from earthquakes for 4600 years
Hızlı Bakış
- A new study suggests the Khufu Pyramid in Giza, Egypt, may have been designed to withstand earthquakes.
- Researchers found that the pyramid's internal structure distributes mechanical stress evenly, and its frequency differs from surrounding soil, potentially preventing vibration amplification during seismic events.
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A new archaeological study published in Scientific Reports suggests that the structural features of the Khufu Pyramid in Giza, Egypt, may have enabled it to withstand earthquakes for approximately 4600 years without significant damage. The pyramid has survived multiple seismic events, including major earthquakes in 1847 and 1992, with no substantial structural compromise.
中新网北京5月22日电 (记者 孙自法)施普林格·自然旗下开放获取学术期刊《科学报告》最新发表一篇考古学论文称,研究显示,位于埃及吉萨金字塔群中的胡夫金字塔(亦称胡夫大金字塔或吉萨大金字塔)的结构特征,可能使其在建成后的约4600年间,能够经受住地震而未遭受严重破坏。
本次研究的胡夫金字塔内部结构示意图(图片来自论文作者)。施普林格·自然 供图
该论文介绍,胡夫金字塔约建于4600年至4450年前,此后历经多次地震(包括1847年一次估计震级为6.8级的地震,以及1992年一次5.8级的地震),其内外均未遭受重大破坏。然而,目前尚无充分证据支持解释该建筑韧性的相关理论。
在本项研究中,论文通讯作者、埃及国家天文与地球物理研究所Asem Salama和同事及合作者一起,在金字塔周围包括其内部密室、建筑石块以及周边土壤中的37个地点,记录了由人类活动、海浪或气候变化产生的环境振动。他们发现,金字塔内部记录到的振动中,大部分(76%)频率在2.0–2.6赫兹之间,这表明机械应力在整个结构中分布均匀。相比之下,周围土壤中的振动频率约为0.6赫兹。论文作者认为,这种频率差异可能有助于在地震活动中保护金字塔,因为它限制了结构与土壤之间的相互作用,从而避免了振动的放大。
研究人员正在金字塔的缓冲室中进行实地测量(图片来自论文作者)。施普林格·自然 供图
论文作者还评估了金字塔结构如何放大来自基岩的振动。直接凿入基岩的地下室未出现振动放大现象;放大系数通常随高度增加而增大,在国王陵寝达到峰值,该处的振动放大系数是基岩水平的4.0倍;不过,在位于国王陵寝正上方的缓冲室中,放大系数降至3.0。此次研究认为,这种设计可能降低了地震活动对国王陵寝造成破坏的风险,这与现代理论一致,即减震室为国王陵寝提供了结构保护。
本项研究相关示意图(图片来自论文作者)。施普林格·自然 供图
论文作者总结指出,金字塔建在坚硬的岩石(石灰岩)上,且重心较低,这些特征也可能降低了地震活动的风险。但他们同时提醒说,目前尚无法确定本项研究中所观察到的抗震能力,是不是设计中的有意安排。(完)
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Further research will be conducted to investigate the intentionality of the pyramid's seismic-resistant design.
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Açık Sorular
- Was the observed seismic resistance an intentional design feature or a coincidental outcome of construction methods?
- What specific design elements contributed most significantly to the pyramid's earthquake resilience?
- How would modern seismic engineering principles apply to the construction of similar ancient structures?
- Are there other ancient structures with similar resilience that could be studied using these methods?



