Russia's extensive nuclear arsenal has proven ineffective in the Ukraine war, despite threats. The article argues tactical nuclear weapons are unlikely to be used due to historical ineffectiveness in non-nuclear conflicts, risk of radioactive fallout on Russian territory, and Moscow's claim over eastern Ukrainian oblasts.
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko stated that the deployment of the Oreshnik missile system and tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus acts as a powerful deterrent, aiming to "cool down hotheads" rather than intimidate. He stressed the strategic importance of these weapons for defense and urged graduates to focus on improving military strategies.
India and Pakistan possess nearly equal nuclear arsenals (172 vs 170 warheads), but differ significantly in doctrine and delivery. India adheres to 'No First Use' and pursues minimum deterrence, while Pakistan employs 'Full Spectrum Deterrence' to counter India's conventional strength. This divergence creates escalation risks.
