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BackChina to Adjust Household Registration System, Ease Restrictions for Migrant Workers
China to Adjust Household Registration System, Ease Restrictions for Migrant Workers
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德国之声22.05.2026Politique2 dk okumaChina

China to Adjust Household Registration System, Ease Restrictions for Migrant Workers

L'essentiel

  • China's State Council issued guidelines to adjust the household registration (hukou) system, urging cities to remove restrictions on migrant workers and provide equal public services regardless of hukou status.
  • The reforms aim to improve access to social security, healthcare, and education for non-local residents.

Résumé généré par IA

Pourquoi c'est important

China's household registration (hukou) system, established in the 1950s, categorizes citizens as 'urban' or 'rural' and restricts access to public services like healthcare and education based on registration location. This has long created disparities for migrant workers.

Taille de police

(德国之声中文网)据官方媒体周五(5月22日)报道,中国国务院“印发意见”,要求对户籍制度进行调整,呼吁更多城市取消长期以来影响外来务工者的相关限制。

这一常住人口登记制度,即“户口”,始于20世纪50年代,用于管控人口流动,并将中国公民划分为“城市”和“农村”两类,长期在公民权利和福利制度上实行歧视性的区别对待。

尽管中国大多数大城市拥有庞大的流动人口,但绝大多数公民只能在其户籍登记地享受包括医疗保险和教育在内的部分公共服务。

周五,中国国务院发布指导意见,呼吁各城市不论居民户籍状况如何,都应为公民提供“同等”的公共服务。中央电视台和新华社等官方媒体对此进行了报道。

取消社保、医保和流动儿童入学限制

指导意见提出,“全面取消”外来务工者在就业地参加职工社会保险的户籍限制,以及“加强常住地基本医疗保障,加力落实持居住证参加城乡居民基本医疗保险政策”。

指导意见还提出,要改善流动儿童的“教育保障”,包括提高他们在义务教育阶段进入公立学校就读的比例。

指导意见还提出,推动更多城市将稳定就业居住的未落户常住人口家庭纳入公租房保障范围,推行按就业居住年限、住房困难程度确定保障对象、保障方式、保障标准、准入条件和退出机制。

客座评论:是为了官方利益还是真正的户籍制度改革?

与此同时,这份指导意见要求,逐步将未落户常住人口纳入常住地儿童关爱、养老助老、社会救助、扶残助残等基本公共服务范围,放开放宽户籍限制。

专家指出,中国一些中小城市已经实施了类似政策,作为吸引人口流入的一部分措施。

经济学人智库研究者张莹(Ying Zhang,音译)表示,这份文件“在很大程度上体现了第十五个五年规划的精神”——该规划是中国近期发布的未来五年经济与社会发展蓝图。

她指出,张莹表示:“需要重点观察的问题是,北京和上海等超大城市将在多大程度上采纳这些措施。”

À surveiller

Perspective IA — des possibilités, pas des certitudes

  • Major cities will gradually implement measures to ease hukou restrictions and expand public services.

    Probable · En quelques mois

  • There will be increased migration to cities that successfully implement these reforms.

    Possible · En quelques années

Questions ouvertes

  • To what extent will major cities like Beijing and Shanghai adopt these reforms?
  • What specific mechanisms will be used to ensure equal access to public services?
  • What are the potential economic impacts of these reforms on cities and migrant workers?
  • Will there be any financial implications for local governments in providing services to non-hukou residents?

Sujets liés

This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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