economic infrastructure

Middle Eastern Nations Revive Overland Trade Routes Amid Maritime Disruptions

Middle Eastern governments are reviving decades-old proposals for overland oil and gas pipelines while developing new rail-sea transport corridors in response to wartime disruptions of key maritime routes through the Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea. Led by Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the UAE, the initiative aims to create a new trade architecture linking the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean, reducing dependence on vulnerable Persian Gulf infrastructure.