
金砖合作机制成立20周年,内部贸易额从842亿美元增长至1.17万亿美元,年均增速13.3%。通过金砖专线、新开发银行项目及创新基地等,深化经贸、数字经济、绿色低碳、人工智能等领域合作,推动产业升级和全球南方国家现代化发展。
AI-generated summary
金砖合作机制成立20年来,在贸易投资自由化便利化、数字经济、绿色低碳、人工智能等领域深化合作,内部贸易额增长超过13倍,年均增速13.3%,明显快于全球贸易增长水平。
今年是金砖合作机制成立20周年。20年来,从促进贸易和投资自由化便利化,到逐步深入数字经济、绿色低碳、人工智能等新领域,金砖国家及伙伴国坚持开放共赢,发挥各自优势,深化务实合作,“大金砖合作”枝繁叶茂,不断取得丰硕成果,更多更好惠及各国人民。
“新兴市场国家和发展中国家拓展了贸易和投资空间”
今年2月9日,中国厦门高崎国际机场,随着一架搭载着89吨出口跨境电商包裹、机械设备和邮包的航班缓缓驶离,中国首条金砖城市跨境电商空运专线(金砖专线)迎来成功运营3年。自2023年2月10日开航以来,这条连接中国厦门与巴西圣保罗的空中“金色长廊”,将中国与巴西乃至南美洲的经贸合作纽带越拉越紧。
金砖专线是金砖国家加强经贸往来的缩影。联合国贸发会议发布的《金砖国家内部贸易二十年:趋势、模式与政策》显示,按出口口径计算,金砖国家内部货物贸易额从2003年的842亿美元攀升至2024年的1.17万亿美元,增长超过13倍,年均增速达13.3%,明显快于同期全球贸易增长水平。
金砖国家在资源禀赋、产业结构和发展需求上互补性强。来自南非的铬矿石经过中国工厂合金冶炼,变成高端不锈钢板材,出现在印度班加罗尔的精密仪器车间里;中国制造的现代化收割机驰骋在巴西的农田上,而巴西生产的大豆销往全球……依托多层级合作机制,落实《金砖国家经贸合作行动纲领》《金砖国家投资便利化合作纲要》等协议文件,“大金砖合作”互利共赢的故事越来越多。
“金砖合作有助于改善成员间的贸易关系。通过扩大成员间市场联系,新兴市场国家和发展中国家拓展了贸易和投资空间。”印度尼西亚商业与经济研究所高级研究员法贾尔·希拉万说。
“更好助力各国实现可持续发展目标”
今年2月,印度境内一条总长82.15公里的快速铁路走廊全面投入运营。该走廊连接德里国家首都辖区与北方邦的加济阿巴德和密拉特两座城市。过去,由于道路状况差、交通拥堵,高峰时段从德里到密拉特,驾车需要3到4个小时。如今,这一行程的时间缩短至约1小时。该项目资金来源之一是金砖国家新开发银行。
“通过与其他多边开发机构及各国国家开发银行建立广泛全球伙伴关系,新开发银行可以更好助力各国实现可持续发展目标,为促进普惠包容发展发挥重要作用。”印度国际经济关系研究委员会教授阿尔皮塔·穆克吉说。
支持中国山西太原武宿零碳机场项目,帮助其实现二氧化碳净零排放;投资俄罗斯收费公路网络扩建项目,助力改善当地交通;参与南非德班集装箱码头扩建和现代化项目……一项项实打实的成果,有效促进全球南方国家现代化发展和全球经济增长。
新开发银行已成为国际金融治理体系的重要新兴力量。新开发银行行长罗塞芙表示,新开发银行正持续扩大“朋友圈”,强化其作为全球南方国家之间真正合作平台的职能,助力构建具有多边主义和多极化特点的国际金融架构。
“期待金砖合作机制发挥更大作用”
在马来西亚柔佛州的榴莲种植基地,一套运用计算机断层扫描与人工智能图像识别技术的检测系统正在对“猫山王”等品种榴莲进行分拣。这套由中国企业开发的系统,将水果品质分级准确率提高至98%,比人工检测提升40倍,推动了当地榴莲产业标准化与现代化。
近年来,通过建立金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系创新基地(金砖创新基地)、成立中国—金砖国家人工智能发展与合作中心、成立金砖国家工业能力中国中心、启动中国—金砖国家新质生产力研究中心等,金砖国家及伙伴国在人工智能、数字发展、科技创新、产业升级、绿色转型等领域不断拓展合作广度和深度。
法贾尔·希拉万表示,金砖合作推动成员加强产业链协作,通过投资合作、技术转移等方式促进产业升级。
金砖创新基地运行5年多来,促成130余项合作项目落地、投资额超620亿元人民币。巴西皮奥伊州战略投资促进局厦门代表处负责人萨乌罗表示:“金砖创新基地为我们打开了通向中国创新生态的大门。”
南非约翰内斯堡大学非洲—中国研究中心研究员西佐·恩卡拉表示,中国在金砖框架下推动的科技与产业合作正为全球南方国家创造实实在在的发展机遇。智能制造与数字经济为产业链合作提供新增长极,人工智能技术共享对于赋能发展中国家意义重大,农业技术培训和气象卫星援助助力非洲绿色发展。“期待金砖合作机制发挥更大作用,为金砖成员共同发展注入动力。”
在今年8月举行的金砖国家第十六次经贸部长会议上,中国代表表示,中方愿与各成员在贸易投资自由化便利化、数字经济、服务贸易、绿色矿产、人工智能、特殊经济区等领域深化合作,探索推动制度型经贸安排和经贸一体化建设,推动“大金砖合作”高质量发展,维护全球南方的共同利益。
(本报记者 车斌 苑基荣 / 本报记者曹师韵、李墨、郑翔参与采写)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
金砖国家将在今年内深化数字经济和人工智能领域合作,探索推动制度型经贸安排
Likely · Within months
新开发银行将继续扩大成员范围,强化作为全球南方国家合作平台的职能
Likely · Within months

North Korea launched a UFO toward the Sea of Japan early this morning. The South Korean military confirmed that it detected the launch but did not disclose details. The U.S. Pacific Command issued a statement through social platforms saying that it was aware of the situation and was consulting with allies to assess that the incident did not pose an immediate threat to U.S. personnel, territory, or allies.

North Korea launched several short-range ballistic missiles from the Wonsan area toward the sea off its east coast on Saturday, flying about 250 km, according to South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff. The launches occurred despite Donald Trump's recent push for talks with Kim Jong-un, prompting an emergency security meeting in Seoul and coordinated intelligence sharing with the US and Japan.

North Korea launched multiple short-range ballistic missiles from the Wonsan area toward the East China Sea this morning, flying about 250 kilometers. It was suspected to be a protest against the "Freedom Blade" joint military exercise by the United States, Japan and South Korea. The U.S. Pacific Command said it was aware of the activity but assessed that it did not pose an immediate threat and reiterated its commitment to the defense of regional allies.

Pavel Tarankin, a Russian primary school teacher and campus photographer, secretly filmed how patriotic courses, military training and war slogans replaced education after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. His images eventually became the documentary "Mr. Unknown Against Putin", which won the Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. Director David Borenstein will come to Taiwan to attend the premiere on September 17, and the film will be released in Taiwan on October 2.

Flash floods broke out on the Himalayan border between Shigatse, Tibet and Nepal, severely damaging the Gyirong Port and downstream settlements, leaving more than a thousand people dead, injured and missing. Beijing officials blame the extreme climate and glacier collapse, but the article points out that the disaster was actually caused by the Beijing authorities' promotion of the border well-off village project with national defense will over the past decade, large-scale rock drilling, and dam construction to intercept water flow. This resulted in the destruction of permafrost slopes and the imbalance of the hydrological network. Human intervention was the main reason for amplifying natural changes into a devastating disaster.

South Korea's Defense Ministry said that North Korea launched an unidentified flying object into the sea east of the Korean Peninsula today, and Yonhap News Agency reported that South Korea's Contract General Staff Headquarters was analyzing its specifications and range. The move comes as South Korea, Japan and the United States end joint military exercises, which President Trump has previously scaled back and said was hostile to Pyongyang.