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Back朝“问”健康丨吃蛋黄真的会升高血脂吗?舍弃它易丢失宝贵营养
朝“问”健康丨吃蛋黄真的会升高血脂吗?舍弃它易丢失宝贵营养
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

朝“问”健康丨吃蛋黄真的会升高血脂吗?舍弃它易丢失宝贵营养

Quick Look

专家指出,食物中的胆固醇与人体血液胆固醇不同,舍弃蛋黄易导致营养流失。血脂升高主要受饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸和糖分摄入影响,建议均衡饮食而非单一忌口蛋黄。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

公众普遍认为蛋黄胆固醇高会伤血管,导致许多人尤其是高血脂人群主动剔除蛋黄。专家指出这种认识存在误区,食物胆固醇与血液胆固醇不同,且蛋黄富含多种营养。

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朝“问”健康丨吃蛋黄真的会升高血脂吗?舍弃它易丢失宝贵营养

吃蛋黄,到底会不会升高血脂?生活中,“蛋黄胆固醇高会伤血管”的说法流传很广。专家提示,食物当中的胆固醇和人体血液里的胆固醇并非同一概念,舍弃蛋黄反而容易丢失宝贵营养。

舍弃蛋黄易丢失宝贵营养

专家介绍,临床中高血脂、心血管风险人群咨询鸡蛋吃法十分普遍。很多患者体检发现胆固醇偏高之后,直接把蛋黄从餐桌上剔除。实际上人体血液内的胆固醇七成到八成由肝脏自身合成,仅有两到三成来自日常饮食摄入。

中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院教授 范志红:中国居民膳食指南告诉我们说,吃鸡蛋一定要连蛋黄一起吃,因为蛋白这一部分,它主要就是蛋白质加水,还有一些钾,绝大多数的维生素、微量元素还有保健成分都在蛋黄里,而且蛋黄它还有将近一半的蛋白质,蛋黄唯一的缺点就是它的胆固醇高一些,其他全都是优点。维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、叶黄素、甜菜碱、胆碱这些好东西全部都在蛋黄里。

蛋黄虽然含有膳食胆固醇,但同时富含卵磷脂、多种维生素等营养物质,卵磷脂可以帮助脂质代谢。完全丢掉蛋黄等于放弃鸡蛋一半以上的营养。专家强调,不应该单独针对某种食物来评判心血管风险,更要看整体饮食结构。

北京安贞医院健康管理中心主任 胡荣:一般来说,每天一个鸡蛋是没有问题的,甚至对于一些这种抵抗力弱的,然后偏瘦弱的、蛋白质摄入不足的,我们觉得一天2到3个也是可以的。我们不建议一点胆固醇都不摄入,因为一点胆固醇都不摄入,我们身体就会代偿性多合成胆固醇,血里面的胆固醇并没有一下子变得特别低了。

控血脂别只盯蛋黄 需先控油和糖

蛋黄并非升高血脂的主要原因。哪些饮食习惯会悄悄推高血液胆固醇、损伤血管?

专家介绍,在饮食当中,优先管控饱和脂肪酸与反式脂肪酸摄入是降脂饮食的核心原则。过量饱和脂肪酸会刺激肝脏合成更多坏胆固醇,也就是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,加速动脉粥样硬化斑块形成。而危害更大的是反式脂肪酸,它一边升高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,一边降低对血管有保护作用的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,增加心血管损伤风险。

北京安贞医院健康管理中心主任 胡荣:热带的植物油或者是肥肉,里面含的是比较多的饱和脂肪酸。动物内脏,还有螃蟹,尤其蟹黄都是饱和脂肪酸,是特别容易引起动脉粥样硬化的。反式脂肪酸,比如像一些起酥油,或者是氢化植物油、人造奶油,一些甜点,还有一些糖果,这种越酥脆的东西,起层起的越多的东西,要注意一下。

临床上,很多高血脂患者严格忌口蛋黄,但是血脂依旧难以达标。专家提醒,控血脂不能只盯着单一食物,还要注意控血糖。

北京安贞医院健康管理中心主任 胡荣:其实很多的年轻人,天天都是喝糖水,完全喝不了白水。糖其实也是一种能量,虽然它能量效果没有蛋白质和脂肪那么高,这种糖的甜的吃喝过多你又消耗不出去,最后全都堆积为脂肪,而且也会加速合成胆固醇的速度,血糖代谢会出现问题,血脂代谢也会出现问题。有的时候你喝的瓶装饮料,它的热量实际上已经远远超标了,对你的血糖、血脂代谢都会产生非常不好的影响。

控胆固醇是道综合题 吃素≠血脂低

蛋黄不必一刀切地忌口,但也不代表可以无限制大量食用。普通人群、高血脂人群、心血管高危人群吃鸡蛋的方法应当有所区分。结合饮食、运动、定期复查才是科学管控胆固醇的完整方案。

专家指出,健康成年人每日吃一个完整鸡蛋,包括蛋黄不会增加心血管疾病风险。对于已经出现血脂异常的人群并不是完全不能碰蛋黄,多数人可以保留每天一个蛋黄,同时减少肥肉、加工肉制品,配合蔬菜、全谷物的均衡饮食。对于重度家族性高胆固醇血症的特殊患者需要在医生指导下调配饮食方案。

北京安贞医院临床营养科主任 马涵英:绝对不吃蛋黄我们肯定是不推荐的,要根据每个人的血脂情况以及他的疾病情况综合判断,肯定不是统一一个标准。如果说真的是家族性的高胆固醇血症,可能用一般的饮食控制,包括多重药物联合都降不下来的时候,饮食是整体要调整的,不单单是一个蛋黄的问题。

还有不少人认为只要不吃肉、不吃蛋黄,坚持吃素,胆固醇就一定不会升高,实际上胆固醇大部分来自肝脏自身合成,受遗传、代谢影响很大。一部分长期素食的人群,如果主食吃得过多,甜食、油炸食品摄入多,即便完全不吃肉类、蛋类,依然可能出现血脂升高的情况。

北京安贞医院临床营养科主任 马涵英:不能说吃素血脂就不高,吃荤血脂就一定高。因人而异,要适当地在临床营养的指导下,在素食基础上增加一些合理的蛋白摄入,鱼肉或者鸡肉这些,多样化平衡膳食对身体是更好的。

(央视新闻客户端)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 随着科学普及,公众对蛋黄与血脂关系的认识将更加理性,剔除蛋黄的现象将逐渐减少。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 不同人群(如儿童、老年人、孕妇)每日安全食用蛋黄的具体量是多少?
  • 长期坚持吃整个鸡蛋(含蛋黄)对血脂的长期影响需要更长期研究验证。

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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