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Back張厚光:台灣防空避難需從「有地方躲」進階到「進去不會被悶死」
張厚光:台灣防空避難需從「有地方躲」進階到「進去不會被悶死」
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自由时报22 minutes agoDefense3 min readChinaView translation

張厚光:台灣防空避難需從「有地方躲」進階到「進去不會被悶死」

Quick Look

張厚光指出,台灣現有超過八萬兩千處避難所可容納五千四百萬人,但關鍵在於警報響起後能否快速進入且內部具備通風、照明、電力等基本生存條件。他建議參考瑞士、新加坡模式,將避難所融入日常生活空間,實現平時社區設施、災時收容中心、戰時微型生存堡壘的「三態轉換」,並推動「五分鐘避難時間地圖」,讓地下空間為台灣「買時間」。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

台灣每年進行漢光演習以檢驗戰備能力。警政署統計全台有超過八萬兩千處避難所,可容納五千四百萬人。內政部最近修訂建築技術規則,提高避難面積並加強通風、照明、緊急插座等設施要求。文章參考瑞士與新加坡的避難所整合模式,提出台灣應發展社區微型節點,實現平時、災時、戰時三態轉換。

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◎ 張厚光

每年的漢光演習都在提醒我們:現代戰爭可不是好萊塢電影裡的軍備大PK。當飛彈襲來、電力與通信雙雙「斷線」時,真正決定國家能不能撐下去的,是我們這些普通人能不能瞬間找到保命地洞,而且地面下還有水跟電能繼續「續命」。

談到防空避難,別再陷進「台灣防空洞蓋得夠不夠」的數量迷思了。警政署統計全台有超過八萬兩千處避難所、能塞下五千四百萬人,數字聽起來很安心,但問題來了:警報響起後,你幾分鐘能鑽進去?進去之後,那是個能活命的空間,還是一個沒電沒風的天然烤箱?

請繼續往下閱讀...

警政署統計全台有超過八萬兩千處避難所、能塞下五千四百萬人。示意圖。(資料照)看看國外怎麼玩。瑞士有三十七萬座防護避難所,平時居民把那裡當酒窖、健身房甚至練團室,戰時秒變避難所;新加坡更絕,直接把捷運站跟學校改造成防衛體系。這給台灣的啟示很直白:避難所不該是平時堆滿雜物、戰時還要玩「密室逃脫找鑰匙」的冰冷地下室,而是平時就在服務大眾的城市空間。

好消息是台灣已經開竅。內政部近期修正《建築技術規則》,把每人避難面積從○.七五提高到一平方公尺,還加上遮煙、加厚混凝土,並強制要求通風、照明跟緊急插座。這代表我們終於從「有地方躲就好」進階到「進去不會被悶死」的新階段。

但要讓這套系統發揮極致,建議台灣直上「三態轉換」的社區微型節點:

1. 平時「流動」:地下停車場停滿車、捷運站走滿人、社區活動中心跳土風舞,日常生活毫無干擾。

2. 災時「應變」:遇到強震、颱風大停電,秒變社區收容中心,發放水糧、處理急救。

3. 戰時「接管」:警報一響,管理單位照SOP啟動備援電力與獨立通信,秒變社區的「微型生存堡壘」。

捷運站平時走滿人,戰時警報一響,管理單位照SOP啟動備援電力與獨立通信,秒變社區的「微型生存堡壘」。(資料照)有了這套概念,我們還能推動**「五分鐘避難時間地圖」**。別指望戰時還能開App找路,民眾需要的是像「下樓買超商」一樣的反射動作。把城市劃分成一個個不必跨越危險大馬路的「防空版五分鐘生活圈」,才最具體。

多撐幾小時的微電網、多維持幾天的小通信,敵人的心理癱瘓戰就宣告破產。我們不是要把台灣變成一座地底堡壘,而是要讓城市具備「一鍵轉換」的生存基因。

國防建設平時能服務人民,危急時能保護性命。讓地下空間為台灣「買時間」,我們就能在風雨中站得比誰都穩!

(作者服務於漢翔航空)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 台灣將在未來兩年內試點推動社區微型節點的三態轉換系統,首選捷運站與地下停車場作為改造對象。

    Likely · Within years

  • "五分鐘避難時間地圖"概念將納入地方政府災害防救計畫,成為社區韌性規劃的標準指標。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 三態轉換社區微型節點的具體實施時間表是什麼?
  • 改造現有避難所或社區設施為微型生存堡壘的預估成本是多少?
  • 五分鐘避難時間地圖將如何與現有警報系統與導航應用整合?

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