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Back年轻人脱发呈年轻化趋势 专家提醒切忌迷信偏方早诊早治
年轻人脱发呈年轻化趋势 专家提醒切忌迷信偏方早诊早治
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中国新闻网15 minutes agoHealth9 min readChina

年轻人脱发呈年轻化趋势 专家提醒切忌迷信偏方早诊早治

我国脱发人群已超2.5亿,其中20~35岁占比63.1%。华山医院皮肤科主任吴文育教授解析脱发成因与规范治疗。

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我国脱发人群超2.5亿且呈年轻化趋势,20至35岁占比达63.1%。复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科主任吴文育教授指出,雄激素性脱发、斑秃和休止期脱发最常见,呼吁切忌迷信偏方,应尽早到正规医院接受规范治疗。

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Why It Matters

中国健康促进与教育协会2023年发布的数据显示,我国脱发人群已超2.5亿,其中20~35岁占比63.1%。

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“我秃了!”“除了头上哪里都是头发”……社交网络上,年轻人自嘲的话语,侧面揭示着不少年轻人正饱受脱发困扰。而对于深耕脱发领域十几年的复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科主任吴文育教授来说,这样的感受更为深刻。“华山医院脱发专病门诊很早就开设了,当时病人很少,现在一号难求。”

脱发,已然成为当代人的“头等大事”。中国健康促进与教育协会2023年发布的数据显示,我国脱发人群已超2.5亿,其中20~35岁占比63.1%。吴文育教授介绍,脱发类型中最常见的是雄激素性脱发(雄秃)、斑秃和休止期脱发。单单一个雄秃,大概就有1.7亿左右的人群,男性发病率约21.3%,女性约6%。这个规模不仅大,而且呈现出明显的年轻化趋势。

比上一代早10多年,脱发年轻化趋势明显

“以前都觉得好像35到40岁才掉头发,现在主流的脱发关注的群体是20到35岁,大概占到了70%。其中最常见的是25岁到30岁这个年龄段的人群。”吴文育教授强调,雄秃现在发病的平均年龄是30岁,比上一代人提前了大概10到20年。

吴文育教授认为多方面因素造成了这一现象,首要的就是不规律的生活习惯。“许多年轻人爱熬夜、饮食不规律,营养不均衡,工作学习压力大、紧张焦虑都会造成脱发。”吴文育教授表示,除此之外,过度减肥也是部分人群的诱因,临床上较为常见的就是减肥太快造成的休止期脱发,所以不建议一个月里面体重变化超过5公斤。

而对于脱发人群,尽早识别有利于把握治疗黄金期。吴文育教授提示,每个人头皮上大约有10万个毛囊,按10%算约1万个毛囊,会在三个月左右的时间里分批脱落。所以人每天掉一些头发,是正常新陈代谢。但病理性脱发有信号,如果每天脱发超过100根就要引起注意,可以做拉发试验,拿30到40根头发轻轻一拉,如果超过3到4根,说明可能有活动性脱发,还要多注意外观变化,发际线不断后移、头顶部变得稀疏,即使平时感觉不到明显掉发,也要去医院看。

三大常见脱发,表现和进展各不同

雄激素性脱发、斑秃、休止期脱发是临床上最常见的三种脱发类型。在临床表现上也各有不同。吴文育教授介绍道,雄秃的典型表现需要区分性别来看,男性主要是前发际线上移,额颞角上移以后整个前发际线变成M型,M型后移,头顶部的头发也会慢慢变稀疏,形成地中海发型。女性雄秃发际线是好的,但发缝会逐渐变宽。雄秃的患者头皮往往油脂分泌比较多,还会伴有一些脂溢性皮炎、头皮屑多等表现。疾病随着时间进展会越来越严重,不会自己好转。

斑秃的典型表现则是突然出现一块或几块圆形、椭圆形的脱发斑。吴文育教授表示,雄秃按模式分布,斑秃则是一块一块地掉。斑秃脱发区比较光滑,不油腻,发病速度上,斑秃是突然发生的,可能昨天还好好的,今天突然就发现一块脱发斑,但部分斑秃,特别是轻度的局限型斑秃,能够自己恢复。

休止期脱发则是典型的弥漫性脱发。吴文育教授提示,病人的整个头发都变少了,慢慢稀疏。休止期脱发往往跟一些应激因素有关,比如情绪紧张、受到惊吓或精神打击。产后脱发是休止期脱发中最常见的情况。“休止期脱发关键是找病因,病因去除后,头发通常会在6到12个月内慢慢恢复,产后脱发一般在产后3到6个月发生,多数再过半年可自愈。”

男女分治,雄秃治疗要长期规范

面对脱发,不少人最先选择“偏方”来治疗。“很多病人来的时候,在外面已经兜了很多圈。最常见的就是自己买防脱洗发水,吃黑芝麻、黑核桃、黑米,用生姜,每天梳几百次头,或者跑到理发店、养发馆去做头皮养护。”吴文育教授强调,迷信偏方往往让很多患者得不到最优治疗,还会错过最佳的治疗时间。

目前,针对各类脱发都有对症治疗手段,吴文育教授表示,以雄秃为例,治疗时要注重男女分治。“雄秃男性治疗中口服非那雄胺是首选,作为5α-还原酶抑制剂,非那雄胺可以阻断睾酮转化为二氢睾酮,从而控制脱发,能够逆转让头发再生。外用则可以选择米诺地尔。女性除了可以外用米诺地尔,还可以口服螺内酯或环丙孕酮、屈螺酮等药物。中重度的患者可以在口服和外用药物基础上,加上物理治疗,二线治疗还有微针、低能量激光、富血小板血浆注射等。效果不够理想或者发际线明显高,可以考虑毛发移植。”

然而实际诊疗中,仍然有不少患者由于担心药物副作用而自行停药。吴文育教授分享了这样一个案例,一位患者经规范用药后恢复良好,却自行停药,随后脱发再次加重。该患者停药的原因,是检索网络信息后担心非那雄胺影响性功能。对此吴文育教授解释道,“我告诉他非那雄胺对性功能的影响很小,概率不到2%,一旦出现不良反应,停药也可以恢复。除了非那雄胺,口服的螺内酯、环丙孕酮副作用都挺小,一般三个月左右做肝肾功能检查即可,外用米诺地尔基本不需要做什么特别检查。所以不建议大家因为过度担忧而放弃规范治疗,总体而言,规范治疗的获益远大于潜在风险。”

吴文育教授最后强调,早诊早治对脱发治疗尤为重要,脱发专病门诊全国已经开了1100多家,到正规医院寻求治疗很方便。“脱发可能是一场长期战,但规范治疗、定期随访、良好心态和生活方式管理,能让更多人保住头发,也保住信心。”

Open Questions

  • 未来几年年轻人脱发率是否会继续上升?
  • 针对年轻人群的新型防脱技术何时能更广泛普及?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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