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Back西藏吉隆“8·26”泥石流灾害:专家解析冰岩崩链式灾害风险与监测挑战
西藏吉隆“8·26”泥石流灾害:专家解析冰岩崩链式灾害风险与监测挑战
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中国新闻网1 hour agoEnvironment5 min readChinaView translation

西藏吉隆“8·26”泥石流灾害:专家解析冰岩崩链式灾害风险与监测挑战

中国科学院专家指出灾害源头位于尼泊尔境内,建议加强跨境科研合作与空天地一体化监测

Quick Look

9月6日,西藏吉隆县举行媒体见面会。中科院专家苏鹏程解析“8·26”泥石流灾害,指出灾害源于尼泊尔境内冰岩崩,并针对次生灾害风险、跨境监测盲区及未来预警体系建设提出建议。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

8月26日西藏吉隆县发生泥石流灾害,灾害源头位于尼泊尔境内蓝塘里壤峰北坡。灾害链对下游口岸及抢险搜救人员构成威胁。

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9月6日,西藏自治区吉隆县“8·26”泥石流灾害应急救援指挥部举行中外媒体见面会。

针对吉隆泥石流灾害中堰塞湖、冰岩崩—泥石流链式灾害等风险监测难题,中国科学院成都山地研究所研究员苏鹏程在见面会上进行了解答。

他表示,此次冰岩崩—泥石流灾害链源头位于尼泊尔境内蓝塘里壤峰北坡,在海拔约5200米处发生的冰岩崩高位快速坠落,冲刷山体形成巨型泥石流,沿普热普藏布和东林藏布高速冲击约22公里后直达海拔1800米左右的我国吉隆口岸,整个过程仅6~7分钟时间,对下游造成极其严重的危害。

经本次冰岩崩—泥石流链式灾害扰动后,沟道径流仍持续流动,岸坡与沟道残留巨量松散冰碛、崩塌堆积物,再次堵塞形成堰塞湖的次生风险客观存在。真正高风险主要来自沟岸大型冰岩崩灾害堵断沟道。其威胁可概括为:中-高等级次生风险,以局部壅水、小规模临时堰塞为主,极端情景下存在沟道堵溃的现实隐患,主要威胁下游抢险搜救人员的安全。

因此,对东林藏布流域的地质灾害进行了摸底调查,强化监测观测。通过遥感分析结合实地调查,当前除已经自然泄流的堰塞湖外,流域内分布有大于1平方公里的冰川26条,大于0.1平方公里的冰湖11处,围绕周边区域的冰川冰湖分布,汇集了多个行业部门的力量开展了持续遥感监测。当前,应急管理部、自然资源部、水利部和科研院所等多个部门通力协作,专家组实时研判,确保下游抢险搜救人员的安全。

吉隆口岸地处中尼边境高海拔偏远地区,冰岩崩源区高寒缺氧、人力难以抵达,跨境流域存在观测盲区,地面检测设备供电、通信、运维难度大,冰岩崩—泥石流灾害链前兆隐蔽、预警窗口仅几分钟,传统单点监测模式难以覆盖全流域风险源。苏鹏程研究员结合吉隆口岸实际情况,建议未来可以加强以下几个方面的工作:

第一、强化喜马拉雅山地区跨境冰岩崩—泥石流这类冰冻圈复合灾害链成灾机理研究,深化灾害链的早期预警信号研判和识别。

喜马拉雅地区冰岩崩灾害的发生显著受气候变化驱动,对气候变暖响应强烈,同时该地区地质条件复杂多样,构造活动频繁。面对气候变化背景下“罕见巨灾”频率加快的趋势,开展冰川失稳风险的早期研判,补齐源头监测盲区并引入地球物理探测新技术实现全链条动态监测,获取更多有效的前兆信息,为准确识别灾害风险提供有力的基础理论支撑。从而结合流域下游居民点的避险预案,不断提升灾害链的预警预报准确率。

第二,构建跨喜马拉雅山地区空-天-地一体化的非接触式监测体系,降低对极高海拔源区实地布站的依赖。当前需要攻关与高寒环境适配的装备研发,形成“卫星广域(大范围)筛查—重点点位加密监测—下游兜底临灾报警”的分层监测模式,尽可能为下游争取撤离时间。

第三,推进跨境科研合作与预警协同机制建设。冰冻圈复合灾害链的发生是自然过程不受国界约束,上游危险源位于境外是本次监测最大短板。依托一些国际合作平台,推动与喜马拉雅山地区国家在流域尺度的数据交换、联合风险研判,探索跨境早期预警信息快速通报通道,把预警起点向上、下游完整流域延伸。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 加强喜马拉雅地区跨境冰冻圈复合灾害链成灾机理研究

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 跨境灾害预警协作机制的具体实施时间表
  • 未来监测装备研发的进展情况

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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