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Back川普政府擴大非法轉運定義 恐審查中國原料與投資參與
川普政府擴大非法轉運定義 恐審查中國原料與投資參與
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自由时报27 minutes agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

川普政府擴大非法轉運定義 恐審查中國原料與投資參與

Quick Look

川普政府正擴大非法轉運(洗產地)的定義,可能進一步檢視進口商品是否使用中國原料、零組件或涉及中國投資與企業參與。智庫韓禮士基金會警告,此舉將使美國海關審查更嚴格,業者可透過預審產地申請維護權益。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

川普政府此前已指控超過四十國參與協助中國商品經由第三國繞道進入美國以規避關稅的所謂「大型轉運騙局」。

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川普政府正在擴大非法轉運(洗產地)的定義,恐更進一步檢視是否使用中國原料、零組件,甚至是否涉及中國投資或企業參與。(路透檔案照)

〔編譯盧永山、記者廖家寧/綜合報導〕智庫韓禮士基金會(Hinrich Foundation)示警,川普政府正在擴大非法轉運(洗產地)的定義,美國未來可能不只追查商品最終在哪裡生產,恐更進一步檢視其中是否使中國原料、零組件,甚至是否涉及中國投資或企業參與。

該基金會貿易政策主管艾默斯(Deborah Elms)十日在《亞洲新聞台》(CNA)網站發文指出,白宮經濟顧問納瓦洛八月發布報告,指控全球逾四十國參與所謂的「大型轉運騙局」,協助中國商品經由第三國繞道進入美國,以規避關稅。

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非法轉運通常是指商品本身未經實質加工,只重貼標籤或偽造文件,假裝來自另一國以規避關稅,屬於違法行為。

白宮報告點名,包括越南胡志明市的電子業、馬來西亞檳城的塑膠製造業,搶走了美國工人的工作,並把新加坡列入可能協助中國商品繞道的物流節點。艾默斯指出,美國在雙邊協商中已要求貿易夥伴檢視商品是否含有中國原料、零組件。

用中國原料、零組件 有風險

貿易署:業者可申請預審產地

美國也正強化海關申報與追蹤制度,要求進口商品提供更多資訊,未來甚至可能追溯原料來源。艾默斯說,這最終可能演變成商品的純度測試,即商品雖已在第三國完成合法生產,但只要中國投入占比過高,仍可能遭到美國質疑。

經濟部貿易署指出,進口貨品之原產地是由進口地海關認定;美國海關是考量貨品名稱、特性、用途是否改變、加工過程、過去判例、解釋函令等進行實質審查。業者出口前應與美國客戶充分溝通,或透過美國海關申請「預審產地」,以維護自身權益。

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What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國海關將要求進口商提供更詳細的原料與零組件來源資訊

    Likely · Within months

  • 越南、馬來西亞等國的出口商將增加申請美國預審產地的數量

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美國將如何具體定義和測試『中國原料占比過高』的標準?
  • 第三國企業將面臨哪些新的合規成本與審查流程?
  • 此政策是否會引發世界貿易組織爭議?

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