Breaking
DEFerry accident in Indonesia: At least six dead and numerous missingCNOkinawa Prefecture governor election: Genta Furusha defeated Tamaki Danny and was electedCNRussian drone strikes in western Ukraine, hits train bound for Polish capitalRUThree people were injured in a UAV attack on NizhnekamskITRussian attack with drones and missiles in Ukraine: several regions affectedRUIn the area of the village of Verkhnesadovoe near Sevastopol, a forest caught fire due to the fall of a downed droneBRVictim is rescued in serious condition after incident in NiteróiSELong queues to the polling station in ÅlidhemshallenRUHigh activity of UAV drones recorded in EnergodarCNThe Federal Reserve's interest rate decision meeting is coming soon, and the market is expected to raise interest rates to deal with high inflation.DEFerry accident in Indonesia: At least six dead and numerous missingCNOkinawa Prefecture governor election: Genta Furusha defeated Tamaki Danny and was electedCNRussian drone strikes in western Ukraine, hits train bound for Polish capitalRUThree people were injured in a UAV attack on NizhnekamskITRussian attack with drones and missiles in Ukraine: several regions affectedRUIn the area of the village of Verkhnesadovoe near Sevastopol, a forest caught fire due to the fall of a downed droneBRVictim is rescued in serious condition after incident in NiteróiSELong queues to the polling station in ÅlidhemshallenRUHigh activity of UAV drones recorded in EnergodarCNThe Federal Reserve's interest rate decision meeting is coming soon, and the market is expected to raise interest rates to deal with high inflation.
Back全球主要央行今年升息與利率動向總整理
全球主要央行今年升息與利率動向總整理
Developing
自由时报1 hour agoBusiness6 min readChinaView translation

全球主要央行今年升息與利率動向總整理

美國聯準會及日本央行下週將接力召開決策會議,市場關注利率動向

Quick Look

美國聯準會與日本央行下週將接力召開決策會議,市場高度關注利率動向。本文整理美國、歐洲、日本、韓國、英國、澳洲、印尼及巴西等全球主要央行今年以來的升息與貨幣政策情形。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

歐元區與韓國央行今年已2度升息,美國聯準會及日本央行將接力召開決策會議。

Font size

歐元區與韓國央行今年已2度升息,美國聯準會及日本央行下週將接力召開決策會議,市場關注利率動向,以下是全球主要央行今年升息情形的整理。

● 美國

美國聯邦準備理事會(Fed)的聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)12名具投票權的成員,將在為期兩天的會議結束後,於16日下午2時(台灣時間17日凌晨2時)公布決策,這將是聯準會今年第6次例行會議。

今年7月,聯準會一如市場普遍預期,將基準利率維持在3.50%至3.75%區間不變,連續第5次按兵不動。然而,FOMC的12位委員中,有3人投下反對票,主張那次會議應升息1碼(0.25個百分點)。

本月11日公布的8月消費者物價指數(CPI)顯示,年增率持平於3.4%,但依然遠高於聯準會設定的長期目標2%。受8月CPI數據帶動,市場對聯準會16日升息1碼的預期大幅攀升。

美國總統川普(Donald Trump)自展開第2任期以來,對央行獨立性發動前所未見的攻勢,要求降息以刺激經濟活動。

由川普提名的華許(Kevin Warsh)5月接任聯準會主席後,已主持2次FOMC會議。下週聯準會是會升息來對抗通膨,抑或是像白宮偏好的那樣維持現狀,分析人士認為,這是華許上任以來首場真正的考驗。

● 歐洲

本月10日,歐元區(Eurozone)的央行「歐洲中央銀行」(ECB)調高基準利率1碼至2.5%,以因應中東衝突再起推高能源成本,增加通膨升溫壓力。

這是歐洲央行今年以來第2度升息,先前因應美伊戰爭引發的能源衝擊,歐洲央行已於6月宣布2023年以來的首次升息。

歐洲央行維持今年通膨預測3%不變,但將明年通膨預測微幅上調至2.5%。

● 日本

日本央行「日本銀行」(BoJ)將於17日至18日召開貨幣政策決策會議,日媒報導,日銀預計在會議上再度調升政策利率,從目前的1.0%提高至1.25%。

如果拍板,將是繼今年6月後、時隔3個月再次升息,也是2024年3月啟動升息循環以來最快的一次。

日銀過去大致維持半年左右升息一次的步調,這次僅隔兩次會議、3個月便再度升息,顯示在通膨壓力升高下,貨幣政策正常化腳步正在加快。

促使日銀加速升息的一大因素,是原油價格與日圓貶值帶來的物價上漲風險。日銀總裁植田和男在7月底的記者會上,就曾點名中東情勢緊張造成的原油上漲、人工智慧(AI)相關需求擴大,以及日圓貶值,是可能讓日本通膨進一步加速的3大風險。

● 韓國

上月27日,韓國央行「韓國銀行」(BOK)銀行金融貨幣委員會決定將基準利率從年息2.75%上調至3.00%,升息0.25個百分點。

這是韓銀繼7月16日後連續2個月調升基準利率,而7月那次是韓國2023年1月以來首次升息。

韓國連續升息相當罕見,之前僅有2007年7月至8月連續2次、2021年11月至2022年1月連續2次,及2022年4月至2023年1月連續7次,本次為史上第4次。

韓聯社報導提及,自從面臨緊急戒嚴事件後續政治不確定性、國內營建景氣低迷、美國對等關稅衝擊等利空因素,使得當時貨幣寬鬆政策勢在必行。不過上個月因半導體出口暢旺帶動景氣快速反彈,加上中東局勢使物價趨於不穩,韓銀時隔3年6個月重新啟動升息。

● 英國

英國央行「英格蘭銀行」(Bank of England)今年迄今維持基準利率3.75%不變,但提出警告,美國與伊朗的戰事推高能源價格,未來通膨率可能還會攀升。

英格蘭銀行總裁貝里(Andrew Bailey)7月底表示:「全球環境看起來更加不確定,也更易推高通膨,而國內形勢總體上在通膨前景方面更為良性,因此維持利率不變是合適的。」

他也指出:「通膨下滑速度超出我們預期,但中東地區衝突持續造成能源價格走高且劇烈波動,這會導致今年稍晚通膨再次攀升。」

● 澳洲

由於能源價格飆升,澳洲央行「澳洲儲備銀行」(Reserve Bank of Australia)一改寬鬆政策,今年以來已3度升息,目前利率為4.35%。

澳洲儲備銀行最近一次升息是在5月,宣布將澳幣現金利率調升25個基點至4.35%,並稱經濟壓力主要源於中東地區的動盪。

澳洲儲備銀行當時在聲明中表示:「正如預期,中東局勢發展正在對通膨產生影響…燃料價格上漲加重了通膨負擔,且有跡象顯示,這恐導致各類商品與服務價格跟進調漲。」

● 印尼

印尼央行今年以來已累計升息100個基點,將基準利率調升至5.75%。

印尼央行5月召開貨幣決策會議,宣布將基準利率上調50個基點至5.25%;6月又兩度升息,分別上調25個基點,最終將利率推升至5.75%。

印尼央行說明,升息是「為了加強印尼盾匯率的穩定性,以因應中東戰爭導致的全球劇烈波動衝擊」。

● 巴西

巴西央行貨幣政策委員會(Copom)8月決議將基準利率下調25個基點至14%,因應通膨降溫及經濟活動逐步放緩。這是拉丁美洲最大經濟體巴西連續第4次降息。

此外,巴西8月通膨年增率低於預期,消費者價格創4年來最大單月跌幅,進一步加強央行下週再度降息預期。

凱投宏觀公司(Capital Economics)新興市場資深經濟學家皮奇(Liam Peach)說:「儘管近幾週油價大幅上漲,最新公布的通膨數字仍顯疲弱,再加上經濟動能減弱,這些因素支持巴西央行在下週會議上再次降息,可能從14%降至13.75%。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 日本央行預計在會議上再度調升政策利率至1.25%

    Likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 聯準會下週是否會如預期升息1碼?
  • 日本央行是否會將利率調升至1.25%?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

The 15th China (Guizhou) International Wine Expo: Wine industry exhibitions transform into scene-based consumption
Business·

The 15th China (Guizhou) International Wine Expo: Wine industry exhibitions transform into scene-based consumption

The 15th China (Guizhou) International Wine Expo was held in Guiyang, bringing together companies from 29 countries and regions. The exhibition breaks the traditional trading model and attracts a large number of young people to participate by integrating diverse scenes such as music, performances, coffee and intangible cultural heritage experiences, and promotes the transformation of alcohol consumption into lifestyle experience.

中国新闻网
3 min read
The Federal Reserve's interest rate decision meeting is coming soon, and the market is expected to raise interest rates to deal with high inflation.
Urgent·

The Federal Reserve's interest rate decision meeting is coming soon, and the market is expected to raise interest rates to deal with high inflation.

The U.S. Federal Reserve will hold an interest rate decision-making meeting. The market expects that with the annual CPI growth rate reaching 3.4% in August, the probability of raising interest rates by one point is more than 85%. Federal Reserve Chairman Wash is facing pressure from the Trump administration to cut interest rates, and the credibility of his decision-making is being closely watched by the market.

中央社
2 min read
Foreign media: TSMC has a unique position in the AI field and its stock price is expected to continue to rise
Business·

Foreign media: TSMC has a unique position in the AI field and its stock price is expected to continue to rise

TSMC has become the key to the development of the AI ​​industry by virtue of its absolute dominance in the chip foundry field. Foreign media analysis pointed out that as AI spending grows, TSMC’s revenue is expected to increase significantly, and the current valuation is reasonable, and the stock price is expected to continue to rise in the next few years.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic聯準會