Ratko Mladic, a war criminal convicted for his role in orchestrating the Srebrenica Genocide in 1995 – the first genocide on European soil since the second world war – died in prison in The Hague at the age of 84.
He had been serving a life sentence for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity – crimes whose “seriousness” United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres restated after his death on Thursday.
“The Secretary-General stands in solidarity with the victims, survivors and their families who suffered the crimes for which Mr Mladic was found guilty … [and] reiterates his call on all those in position of power to refrain from denying the seriousness of the crimes that have been adjudicated,” Guterres’s spokesperson Stephane Dujarric said in a statement.
On Friday, Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic accused the UN war crimes court of “uncivilised behaviour” for not allowing Mladic early release, which would have seen him die in Serbia. Earlier this year, Belgrade requested he be allowed to receive medical treatment outside prison, saying his health condition was “serious”.
Known as the “Butcher of Bosnia”, Mladic was one of the most notorious military commanders of the wars that followed the breakup of Yugoslavia. Under his command, Bosnian Serb forces seized Srebrenica, near the Serbian border, in July 1995, despite the UN declaring the municipality a “safe area”. In the following days, the forces killed more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys.
Here is a timeline of the major events of Mladic’s life, leading up to his death in detention this week:
1942-1966: Birth and personal life
Ratko Mladic, a Bosnian Serb, was born in March 1942 in the village of Bozanovici in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (in today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina). His father was a member of a communist-led resistance to the Axis powers in World War II.
In 1966, Mladic married Bosiljka Jedic and later had two children, Darko and Ana.
1965-1991: Military career
At the age of 22, Mladic joined the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and moved up the ranks. By 1991, he was the head of the Operational Teaching Department of the 9th Corps in Knin (today’s Croatia) and later commanded the Headquarters of the 9th Corps Maritime Division.
1991-1992: Arrival in Sarajevo
The Presidency of the Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia promoted Mladic to the rank of major-general in 1991 and lieutenant–colonel general in April 1992. He commanded the headquarters of the JNA’s Second Military Area Command in Sarajevo.
1992-1995: Siege of Sarajevo
The Bosnian Serb army, led by Mladic, laid siege to the capital city of Sarajevo.
The longest military siege of a capital city in modern history, it lasted 1,460 days, killing more than 11,500 people. An estimated 480,000 to 500,000 missiles were fired on the city.
July 1995: Srebrenica Genocide
In July 1995, Mladic’s troops captured Srebrenica and Zepa, enclaves under the protection of the United Nations. In what was later termed a genocide, 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were killed, and between 25,000 and 30,000 were expelled from the area.
July and November 1995: Genocide indictment
Mladic and Radovan Karadzic, political leader of the Bosnian Serbs, were indicted before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for war crimes committed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This included the killings at Srebrenica, along with the mass expulsion of Bosniak civilians.
Mladic was charged with 20 offences, including genocide. In 1996, the ICTY issued an international arrest warrant for Mladic and Karadzic.
1997-2011: Life on the run
Mladic remained in hiding after the ICTY indictment, moving to different locations in Serbia.
War crimes prosecutors and media investigations continued to track Mladic’s movement based on rumours, witness interviews, intelligence, and court documents.
In 2001, he reportedly moved to Bosnia and Herzegovina before going back to Serbia.
2011-2016: Arrest and trial
On May 26, 2011, Mladic was arrested in Lazarevo, northern Serbia, at his cousin’s house. He was taken into custody in Belgrade and then transferred to The Hague to be prosecuted by the ICTY.
The trial commenced in June 2011, and closing arguments were delivered in December 2016. Mladic refused a plea deal.
November 2017: Final verdict
Mladic was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2017 over the Srebrenica genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
June 2025: Release appeal denied
In late 2022, Mladic was hospitalised in “poor health”, his family said at the time.
In June 2025, Mladic had filed a request to be freed, saying he only had a few months to live. His request was denied.
August 27, 2026: Mladic dies
Mladic died while hospitalised in The Hague, after spending approximately 15 years in custody and detention over war crimes in Bosnia.
