Russia has developed domestic software modules for designing aircraft engines, complex surfaces, and metal structures, replacing foreign programs. These tools have been used to create components for the high-tech PD-14 engine.
China's technology vice-minister Ke Jixin says domestic software and operating systems have seen a transformative shift in user experience, with HarmonyOS running on over 55 million smartphones as of end-March 2026. HarmonyOS surpassed Apple iOS in China in late 2024 and was second-largest OS behind Android in early 2025, but slipped to third place in Q4 2025 with 16% market share as iOS captured 22%.
China’s artificial intelligence model companies are unlikely to “eat up” the domestic software market because they lack the deep industry know-how and experience to meet enterprise needs, according to an HSBC analyst. Unlike the US, China’s less developed software-as-a-service (SaaS) market stands to gain even as AI models continue to improve, with the most likely outcome being a collaborative approach where model companies and legacy software firms serve enterprises in tandem, said Yiran Liu,...
