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Back特朗普再次逆转对俄制裁 宣布与普京达成柴油协议
特朗普再次逆转对俄制裁 宣布与普京达成柴油协议
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德国之声1 hour agoWorld6 min readChinaView translation

特朗普再次逆转对俄制裁 宣布与普京达成柴油协议

美国同意放松部分对俄制裁以应对燃料成本上涨,泽连斯基批此举为“战争投资”。

Quick Look

美国总统特朗普周五表示普京已同意向美及全球供应俄罗斯柴油,美财政部已发放临时许可。此举意在应对中期选举前的燃料成本,标志对俄政策急剧转向。乌克兰总统泽连斯基强烈谴责,称这是对战争的投资。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自2022年俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰以来,莫斯科遭到西方多轮制裁。特朗普近期签署了旨在打击俄能源领域的制裁法案。

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特朗普周五(10月9日)表示,普京已同意向美国和全球市场供应俄罗斯柴油。特朗普此举意在中期选举前应对不断上涨的燃料成本,同时也标志着自乌克兰战争爆发以来,美国对莫斯科政策的急剧转向。

特朗普在社交媒体发文称,他是在外界以为讨论俄罗斯疑似鼠疫疫情的通话中与普京谈成这笔交易的。

特朗普:俄罗斯将供应480万吨柴油

据特朗普介绍,俄罗斯将立即供应超过30万吨柴油,11月再供应50万吨,“紧随其后”还有100万吨;他写道,此后俄方还将“在短时间内”再交付300万吨。

美国财政部已发放临时许可,允许俄罗斯柴油在2027年4月之前进入全球市场。

特朗普作出这一宣布之前,他刚于上月签署了一项范围广泛的对俄制裁法,该法意在打击支撑俄罗斯对乌战争的能源等领域。该法案以已故参议员林赛·格雷厄姆的名字命名。格雷厄姆在推动该法案上发挥了主导作用,他是乌克兰的坚定支持者。

俄罗斯:已准备好供应更多柴油

俄罗斯总统特使德米特里耶夫(Kirill Dmitriev)在X上转发了美国财政部的公告,称俄美在柴油和能源领域的合作将造福世界。

俄罗斯副总理诺瓦克(Alexander Novak)表示,俄方已准备好从10月起向美国及其他国家供应更多柴油。他还说,随着炼油厂检修后恢复运行,俄罗斯的出口预计将在11月和12月进一步增加。

其后,克里姆林宫发布了普京的一份声明,称他与特朗普在通话中还对“解决乌克兰危机的前景”给予了“大量关注”,并讨论了“伊朗局势以及双边关系的各个方面”。

泽连斯基:这是对战争的投资

乌克兰总统泽连斯基谴责了这项协议,称在没有与俄罗斯达成明确而持久的降级协议的情况下放松任何制裁,都是“软弱”的明显迹象。

他在社交媒体上写道,送给普京的礼物不会带来和平,也不会给文明世界带来任何好处,俄罗斯将用更多的恐怖和背信弃义来“回报”这些柴油买卖。

这位乌克兰总统强调,允许俄罗斯出售石油产品,等于在为一场本应结束而非延长的战争投资;真正需要的是在对等基础上与俄罗斯实现实质性降级。他还表示,乌克兰希望美国能与俄罗斯进行一次态度强硬的对话——是强硬的,而不是软弱的。

周六,泽连斯基在社交平台X上发帖说:今天,俄罗斯为了感谢解除柴油出口制裁,向扎波罗热的居民楼投下了五枚滑翔炸弹。截至目前,令人悲痛的是,已确认有12人遇难,其中包括3名儿童。

欧美和乌克兰正在进行外交磋商

自2022年全面入侵邻国乌克兰以来,莫斯科已遭到美国及其西方伙伴的多轮制裁。但随着战事持续、和平无望,华盛顿对这一路径的坚持已显露动摇。

今年早些时候,美国发放的临时制裁豁免允许俄罗斯石油出售,曾引发担忧,因为这可能妨碍切断莫斯科战争资金的努力。上月,特朗普把柴油价格飙升归咎于乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的打击,甚至公开要求泽连斯基停止袭击。

特朗普周五宣布这一消息之际,美国、乌克兰和欧洲官员正在迈阿密举行新一轮旨在结束俄乌战争的外交磋商。据美国特使威特科夫(Steve Witkoff)说,乌克兰、欧洲、美国和北约代表在迈阿密进行了“建设性”讨论,并同意继续为结束冲突作出外交努力。

分析:特朗普将个人利益置于国会决定之上

德国之声驻华盛顿记者站主任Ines Pohl分析认为,这笔柴油交易主要关乎国内政治。

中期选举仅剩数周,特朗普在高企的能源价格问题上承受着沉重压力。这笔交易让他得以显示自己正在采取行动,迎合那些直接感受到燃料涨价的选民——相比之下,乌克兰战争显得遥远。

从政治上看,这一点意味深长:特朗普接受了对俄制裁的松动,而华盛顿原本是想加大对普京的压力的。

它还把一件事挑得一清二楚:到了关键时刻,特朗普总是选择对自己个人有利的做法,而非国会已经作出的决定。

他似乎在赌:对许多美国人来说,加油站的价格终究比地缘政治后果更要紧。不过,承诺的供应能否带来明显物价缓解,仍然存疑。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 俄罗斯从10月起向美国及其他国家供应更多柴油

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 承诺的柴油供应能否带来明显的物价缓解?
  • 美国后续是否会进一步解除对俄制裁?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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