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Back川普中止俄國新制裁 美烏關係惡化
川普中止俄國新制裁 美烏關係惡化
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自由时报1 hour agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

川普中止俄國新制裁 美烏關係惡化

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美國總統川普以符合國家利益為由簽署行政命令,中止執行以已故參議員葛蘭姆命名的對俄制裁法案,使美烏關係緊繃度升高。此舉引發民主黨與歐洲盟友批評,同時烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基遺憾錯失施壓俄羅斯的機會,而歐洲領袖則重申對烏克蘭的支持與對俄制裁的必要性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

葛蘭姆法案授權美國政府對俄羅斯能源及國防部門、俄國總統普丁與其他高階官員,以及協助俄國規避西方制裁的「影子船隊」採取制裁措施,並允許對俄羅斯石油、天然氣主要買家課徵最高一〇〇%關稅。法案已在上月獲川普簽署立法。

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美國總統川普十六日以「符合國家利益」為由,簽署行政命令中止執行俄羅斯制裁法案。此舉使近期緊繃的美烏關係進一步惡化,也加深外界對川普逐漸靠向莫斯科的擔憂。

以七月逝世的共和黨參議員葛蘭姆為名的「葛蘭姆法案」,授權美國政府對俄羅斯能源及國防部門、俄國總統普丁與其他高階官員,以及協助俄國規避西方制裁的「影子船隊」採取制裁措施,並允許對俄羅斯石油、天然氣主要買家課徵最高一〇〇%關稅。法案已在上月獲川普簽署立法。

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原本對俄油買家 課徵百分百關稅

川普向國會表示,暫緩措施符合國家利益,但未進一步說明理由。這項決定發生在法案原定開始實施期限的前兩天。普丁特使德米崔耶夫十七日發文,稱讚這是「重要且真正具有歷史意義的時刻」,讓兩國關係從制裁與對抗轉向對話與合作。

烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基十七日發文,批評美國決定形同完全無視葛蘭姆法案,錯失對俄羅斯施加有效壓力、促使戰爭結束的機會,但仍希望制裁措施未來能夠恢復。

共同起草法案的民主黨參議員布魯門塔聲明批評,川普中止制裁俄國背棄的不只是烏克蘭,還有多數美國民眾、國會議員及歐洲盟友,對國家安全亦毫無助益,僅有的效果是對普丁逢迎拍馬。

美國眾議院跨黨派議員十六日起草法案,試圖阻止川普恢復進口俄羅斯柴油。唯一一名加入提案的共和黨眾議員貝肯,將川普與一九三〇年代對納粹德國採取綏靖政策的英國前首相張伯倫類比。然而,這項立法行動有其難度,一是因為即便通過並送交白宮簽署,也可能遭川普駁回;二是國會議員正忙於衝刺期中選舉,且共和黨團領袖也未予支持。

烏喪失星盾權限 川普撇清關係

針對烏克蘭使用太空探索公司「SpaceX」軍用版衛星服務「星盾」受箝制一事,SpaceX執行長馬斯克表明決定權在美國政府與總統手中。路透報導則揭露限制命令出自白宮內部。對此,川普十六日撇清烏國喪失星盾權限與他或馬斯克皆無關係,強調與澤倫斯基「關係良好」。

歐洲領袖十六日與澤倫斯基會面,展現持續援烏的團結立場。歐洲理事會主席柯斯塔表示,現在不是撤回對烏支持、放鬆對俄制裁的時候,反而應該加大援助力道、提高對俄羅斯的壓力。歐盟當前正分期支付烏國明年所需的九百億歐元資金貸款,澤倫斯基則警告,烏國經濟因俄國空襲大幅受創,恐面臨巨大財務黑洞,敦促歐洲供應更多愛國者飛彈,並在明年額外提供七百億歐元援助。

烏克蘭的急迫財政需求,使歐盟內部再次評估利用俄羅斯兩千億歐元凍結資產挹注烏國的構想。拉脫維亞總理庫爾伯格斯表示,「凍結資產就在這裡。應當被用於支持烏克蘭」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將嘗試通過立法阻止川普恢復進口俄羅斯柴油

    Possible · Within weeks

  • 歐洲將加大對烏克蘭的軍事與財政援助

    Likely · Within months

  • 烏克蘭將繼續敦促歐洲利用凍結的俄羅斯資產支持其戰爭努力

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 川普暫緩制裁的具體國家利益考量為何?
  • 美國國會是否有足夠支持通過阻止恢復進口俄羅斯柴油的跨黨派法案?
  • 烏克蘭是否能獲得歐洲承諾的額外七百億歐元援助?
  • 凍結的俄羅斯資產是否將被用於支持烏克蘭?

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