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Back中拉文明何以丰富全球人权普遍性?
中拉文明何以丰富全球人权普遍性?
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中国新闻网1 hour agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

中拉文明何以丰富全球人权普遍性?

专访秘鲁天主教大学教授鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔

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秘鲁天主教大学教授鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔在接受中新社专访时表示,中华文明与拉美本土古文明在权利观念上均重视共同体和公共利益,与西方强调个人自由的人权体系形成互补;中拉双方因共同的殖民历史经验而重视主权平等与发展权利,主张人权普遍性应尊重多元实现路径,并通过文明对话、青年交流与语言合作推动全球南方在人权治理中的声音。

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Why It Matters

第三届中拉人权圆桌会即将在秘鲁利马举行,作为中拉在人权领域的首个机制性对话平台,旨在倡导尊重人权多元实现路径、深化交流互鉴。

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中新社北京9月13日电 题:中拉文明何以丰富全球人权普遍性?

——专访秘鲁天主教大学教授鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔

作者 李若晗

第三届中拉人权圆桌会即将在秘鲁利马举行。作为中国与拉美国家在人权领域的首个机制性对话平台,中拉人权圆桌会倡导尊重人权多元实现路径、深化交流互鉴。

在不同的文明与相似的历史境遇下,中拉双方如何形成共通的人权理念?中拉双方如何依托独特的文明资源,为全球人权治理贡献普遍性经验?近日,秘鲁天主教大学教授鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔(Rubén Tang Unzueta)接受中新社“东西问”专访,对此作出解答。

现将访谈实录摘要如下:

中新社记者:从文明源头看,中华文明与拉美本土古文明孕育形成的权利观念,和西方人权体系有哪些异同?

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔:中国文明和前哥伦布时期的美洲文明在理解权利时,都比较重视共同体和公共利益。中国传统强调人民、家庭、社会之间的联系,拉丁美洲原生文明同样重视土地、社区和共同生活。例如,在古代秘鲁,土地和社区在社会生活中具有核心地位。中拉两种文明虽相距遥远,但从权利观念的历史基础看,存在不少相似之处。

西方人权体系更突出公民自由、政治权利和个人自主,而中国与拉丁美洲的权利观念则倾向于从更为综合的角度理解权利,即同时重视经济、社会和文化权利。个人权利能够保护人免受权力及权力滥用造成的侵害,而社会、经济和文化权利则使人真正能够过有尊严的生活。这两类权利可以相互补充。

此外,当代国际人权体系也不能简单称为“西方的”。中国曾参与起草和讨论《世界人权宣言》,为其注入中国哲学思想,联合国也曾肯定中国在此过程中的贡献。《世界人权宣言》是多元文化谈判的结果,不同法律传统共同构成了今天的国际人权架构。人权的普遍性并不意味着各个社会只能有一种实现方式,不同文明可以根据自己的历史经验来丰富这种普遍性。

6月11日,2026·全球人权治理高端论坛在北京举行。图为《国家人权行动计划(2026-2030年)》在开幕式上发布。 中新社记者 田雨昊 摄

中新社记者:近代以来,中国屡遭列强入侵,拉美也长期深陷殖民体系,相似的历史遭遇,是否构成了中拉双方人权共识的历史根基?

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔:中拉都曾面对主权受到限制、国家和人民命运受到外部力量影响的情况。这样的历史经验使双方都非常重视生命、生存、发展以及主权平等,反对外部干涉。

拉丁美洲被殖民的历史很复杂,我们曾是殖民地,但也继承了丰富的语言、文化和社会传统。殖民统治造成了许多压迫和伤害,但长期历史交流也塑造了拉丁美洲今天多元的文化。对拉丁美洲而言,独立进程带来的重要认识是:没有主权,权利难以真正得到保障。因此,人权不能仅从外部强加,还应从每个国家的现实出发进行建设。

拉丁美洲至今仍有许多基本发展需求未完全解决,因此我们非常关注中国过去三四十年的发展经验,尤其是中国处理实际问题时务实的一面。面对贫困等问题,最重要的是提出能够落实的解决办法,而不是只停留在理论和意识形态层面。

中新社记者:您长期致力于学术和文化交流。中国文学和拉丁美洲文学之间是否存在共同的精神经验?文学如何帮助我们理解人权?

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔:中国文学和拉丁美洲文学虽然产生于不同的历史环境,但都经常描写人民面对压迫和不平等的经历,关注个人与社会之间的关系,反抗滥用权力、追求公平正义。

拉丁美洲文学中,原住民处境、社会阶层差异、贫困和人的尊严一直是重要主题。秘鲁作家何塞·马里亚·阿格达斯的作品关注原住民所遭遇的不公以及不同文化之间的冲突,豪尔赫·爱德华兹、加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔、巴勃罗·聂鲁达和塞萨尔·巴列霍等拉丁美洲作家都以不同方式处理人的痛苦、社会现实、独立、自主、记忆和尊严等问题。文学能够让我们理解某一段历史究竟怎样影响一个具体的人,使人权从抽象的概念变成具体的生活经验。

中国读者能够从拉丁美洲文学中感受到独立、自主、反抗压迫以及追求尊严的精神力量,拉丁美洲读者也能从中国文学中获得相应的共鸣。文学由此创造了一种跨越国界的人类共同体。

当地时间2025年11月4日,巴西圣保罗,葡语版《呐喊》在第二届圣保罗大学汉学家研讨会期间正式首发。中新社记者 林春茵 摄

中新社记者:在全球文明倡议框架下,中国与拉丁美洲如何进一步深化围绕人权的文明对话?

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔:中拉双方深化文明对话,从学术界到社会各界都应发挥作用。在文化交流层面,可通过电影、图书博览会、作家驻留、艺术展览、教师和研究人员互访、学术网络等形式,建立民众之间的直接联系,让双方了解普通人的生活和价值关切。

青年交流亦值得重视。来自拉丁美洲、中国以及其他国家和地区的青年,可以围绕减贫、人权和人工智能等现实问题一起合作,高校也可从中发挥作用,针对具体问题寻找实际解决方案。

语言学习也能够深化彼此的理解。随着孔子学院等中文教育项目和其他交流渠道的发展,越来越多拉丁美洲人通过语言真正了解中国。西班牙语在中国的重要性不断提高,在政府和公共交流层面逐渐成为中国接近和理解拉丁美洲的重要工具。通过语言和文化的传播、学术合作与直接接触,中拉双方得以更准确地理解彼此的社会现实。

2026年4月24日,由拉美和加勒比国家驻华使团联合主办的“2026拉美和加勒比国家日”新闻发布会在北京举行。图为宾客在会场外设置的各国文化展区参观。 中新社记者 赵隽 摄

中新社记者:当前人权议题不断被地缘政治工具化,中拉作为全球南方的重要组成部分,如何依托文明和历史经验,推动更加包容、多元、公正的全球人权治理体系?

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔:中国和拉丁美洲应当形成一种来自全球南方、植根于自身传统和历史经验的声音,并在全球人权治理中得到充分表达。第一,加强南南人权对话平台建设;第二,在讨论人权和相关指标时,不仅关注传统议题,也应当考虑发展成果、减贫和环境等因素;第三,反对双重标准,要求国际论坛真正尊重文化和社会政治条件的多样性,构建更加多元、包容和公正的全球人权治理。

从秘鲁的角度看,我们愿意融入世界,也希望与所有国家保持友好关系,而非依附于某一方;秘鲁也要求自身主权和国际地位得到尊重,不受任何国家或外部力量的干涉。同时,我们需要保持一种平衡,既进行开放的对话,也进行坦诚的批评。真正平等的关系,应当建立在相互尊重和独立判断的基础上。

我们既要坚守全人类共享的普遍权利,也要承认这些权利会因各国不同的历史境遇而获得丰富内涵,并经由适合自身国情的具体路径得以实现。我们的目标不是判断哪一种文明更优越,而是在互学互鉴中更好地守护个体的尊严。即将在利马举行的人权圆桌会,也会为这种持续的对话作出贡献。(完)

受访者简介:

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔。受访者供图

鲁本·唐·温苏埃塔(Rubén Tang Unzueta),秘鲁人。现任秘鲁天主教大学(PUCP)学术机构关系处(DARI)亚洲关系办公室主任,负责推进该校同亚洲高校和机构的合作、交流和项目对接。曾创建并长期领导PUCP孔子学院。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中拉人权圆桌会将发布联合倡议,推动将发展权、环境权等纳入全球人权议程

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 中拉人权圆桌会将产生哪些具体成果?
  • 如何衡量文明对话在人权治理中的实际影响?
  • 西方国家对多元人权观的回应态度如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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