
針對近期毒品政策討論,身心科醫師胡學錦說明美沙冬維持療法與減害策略之運作機制
針對毒品政策爭議,身心科醫師胡學錦指出,美沙冬維持療法透過每日口服替代藥物,協助海洛因成癮者降低傳染病風險並重返社會。此減害策略旨在減少毒品危害,而非鼓勵吸毒,目前台灣主要採取清潔針具與美沙冬替代療法。
AI-generated summary
近期民進黨台北市長參選人沈伯洋過去關於毒品的言論遭翻出,引發公眾對美沙冬治療政策的討論。
身心科醫師胡學錦表示,美沙冬1天口服1次,可協助海洛因成癮者降低毒品使用帶來的危害;圖為情境照。(圖取自freepik)
〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕民進黨台北市長參選人沈伯洋2014年談毒品的文章近日遭藍營翻出,被藍營質疑其反毒立場,不少民眾關注美沙冬治療的公衛政策。阮綜合身心科醫師胡學錦指出,他每週有美沙冬門診,海洛因成癮難以戒除,美沙冬維持療法可透過「減少毒品危害、協助回歸生活」2大方向,降低海洛因使用帶來的風險。美沙冬一天口服1次,有助避免因共用針具造成HIV、C型肝炎等血液傳染病。
胡學錦在臉書「胡學錦醫師︱身心健康專家」發文分享,美沙冬是針對海洛因戒毒的維持療法,海洛因是一級毒品,因為它有極高的成癮性、濫用性以及社會危害性。海洛因成癮很難戒除,因此要用成癮性、濫用性、社會危害性較小的藥物來替代,那就是美沙冬。
胡學錦提到,海洛因的使用一旦使用針筒靜脈注射,共用針頭會造成血液傳染病,如C型肝炎、HIV等的傳播,由於嚴重成癮的個案一天要用6到8次,整天茫茫根本無法工作,而且海洛因又是毒品中價格最高,病人常感慨說這幾年花在毒品的錢都可以買好幾棟房子。
他接著說,海洛因成癮的病人會常常進出監獄、大多只能做臨時工、最後家庭破碎、不幸的還染上傳染病。口服美沙冬治療能幫助病人減少海洛因的危害,美沙冬1天喝1次,價格便宜,病人可一大早喝完了去工作賺錢,因為是用喝的,也不會得到血液的傳染病。
胡學錦表示,國外甚至有「海洛因注射站」(學名通常稱為受監督注射中心),成癮者在醫療專業人員監督下,提供安全且衛生地注射藥物的法定合法機構。注射站有醫師、護理師、社工師,其核心目主要為「減害策略」,而非鼓勵吸毒。此外,還會向個案媒介工作機會,幫助個案戒毒回歸社會。
他還說,目前包括瑞士、加拿大、澳洲、德國、荷蘭等許多發達國家皆有設立受監督的注射中心。實證研究顯示,這些設施有效降低當地的毒品致死率以及血液傳染病盛行率,減少街頭公共場所遺留廢棄針具的問題。
胡學錦說明,目前台灣的減害政策主要採取「清潔針具計畫」,在特定藥局或衛生所提供免費換針服務,以及「美沙冬維持療法」,讓成癮者到指定醫療機構服用合法替代藥物,逐步脫離海洛因。吸毒的個案如果被檢警查獲,也會經由地檢署分派進入醫療端評估接受緩起訴治療,包含門診治療和心理治療,當然也有美沙冬維持治療,經過治療後若未再使用毒品就不起訴。

A 28-year-old Russian laboratory technician died at a plague research center in Siberia. Officials have repeatedly said the cause of death, triggering speculation about a laboratory leak and attracting international attention.

Advanced-stage cancer patients could spend half as long in hospital and avoid many unplanned admissions using the SUPPORT+ symptom-tracking mobile app, HKU research shows.

A research team from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the United States found that when the calories and main nutrients of the meal are the same, different degrees of food processing will still lead to differences in post-meal insulin responses, energy expenditure and brain activity.

The Chang Wing-Fat Foundation announced that it will donate 6 million yuan to the cleft lip and palate prenatal golden care period project, of which 3 million yuan will be donated to the Taiwan Fetal Medicine Promotion Association, and the other 3 million yuan will be used to promote initiatives such as bunny parent growth classrooms and fetal hotline consultation to help parents overcome pregnancy and care difficulties.

The prevalence rate of age-related macular degeneration in Taiwanese people over the age of 65 is 11.1%, and it is estimated that more than 530,000 people are affected. Doctors remind you that you should seek medical attention as soon as possible if you experience blurred vision or distorted images. Wet macular degeneration requires long-term control. Do not stop taking medication on your own to avoid deterioration of vision.

The Food and Drug Administration announced the results of a border inspection. More than 330,000 kilograms of fresh potatoes imported by Huayuan Foods from the United States were found to contain excessive amounts of solanine. Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang said that the shipment has been intercepted and returned at the border and has not entered the domestic market. In the future, food safety will continue to be controlled according to risk-level management.