
威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校回顧超過350篇研究發現,減少蛋白質攝取可能改善代謝、延緩老化,甚至在動物實驗中延長壽命;研究人員指出,蛋白質攝取建議應考量活動量,平時久坐者未必需要額外補充大量蛋白質。
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文章引用威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校研究人員回顧超過350篇研究,成果刊登於《Cell Press Blue》期刊,並由科學新聞網站《ScienceDaily》報導。研究涉及果蠅及囓齒類動物實驗,以及部分人體臨床試驗。
規律運動與蛋白質攝取都和肌肉維持有關。研究指出,蛋白質攝取量可能需要考量個人活動程度,平時久坐者未必需要額外補充大量蛋白質;情境照。(圖取自Freepik)
〔編譯陳成良/綜合報導〕蛋白質吃越多越健康嗎?一項回顧超過350篇研究的分析發現,減少蛋白質攝取可能有助改善代謝、延緩老化,甚至在動物實驗中延長壽命。研究人員指出,蛋白質攝取量可能與活動量有關,平時久坐的人未必需要額外補充大量蛋白質。
科學新聞網站《ScienceDaily》10日報導,這項研究由美國威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校(University of Wisconsin-Madison)研究人員進行,成果刊登於《Cell Press Blue》期刊。研究團隊指出,蛋白質有助肌肉生長及運動後恢復,但活動量較低的人,可能攝取了超過身體所需的分量。
研究回顧發現,限制蛋白質攝取在果蠅及囓齒類動物實驗中,曾與壽命延長有關,即使沒有減少總熱量,也可能出現類似效果。人體研究則發現,部分臨床試驗中,減少蛋白質攝取者的體重、體脂及空腹血糖有所改善,但目前尚未證明少吃蛋白質能延長人類壽命。
研究揭老化相關荷爾蒙及胺基酸
研究人員也整理出可能參與其中的生理機制,包括纖維母細胞生長因子21(FGF21)。這種荷爾蒙會在蛋白質攝取受限時增加,參與能量代謝及血糖調節。動物研究發現,FGF21較高的小鼠壽命較長,但人體是否也有相同效果仍待確認。
此外,研究特別關注甲硫胺酸、異白胺酸及纈胺酸3種胺基酸。它們不只是合成蛋白質的原料,也參與調節細胞生長及代謝。研究回顧指出,限制部分胺基酸可能帶來與減少蛋白質攝取相似的健康效益。
不過,蛋白質並非吃得越少越好。年長者需要足夠蛋白質維持肌肉及身體功能,孕婦及經常運動的人也可能需要較多攝取。高齡者若蛋白質不足,還可能增加肌肉流失及活動能力下降的風險。
研究人員認為,蛋白質攝取建議不應只看年齡,也要考量活動量。平時久坐、運動較少的人,額外補充大量蛋白質未必帶來更多好處;運動量較大、需要維持肌肉的人,仍需要足夠蛋白質。
研究提醒,蛋白質攝取需要考量個人需求,不能單以「多吃」或「少吃」作為健康標準。

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