
中國在軌衛星10年增667%接近挑戰美方優勢,俄羅斯則被視為更迫切威脅,雙方均具備干擾或摧毀衛星能力。
美國太空軍指出,中國與俄羅斯已部署反太空能力,威脅美軍衛星及太空作戰系統。美方評估中國是主要長期競爭對手且更接近挑戰美方優勢,俄羅斯則構成更迫切威脅,並正研發軌道核武。
AI-generated summary
中國在軌衛星數量在過去10年增加667%,美軍評估中俄已部署反太空能力。
美國太空軍提供的照片呈現夜間發射的火箭拖著明亮尾焰升空,光跡劃過暮色天空。美國太空軍警告,中國與俄羅斯已部署反太空能力,可能干擾或摧毀衛星,威脅美軍仰賴的太空作戰系統。(圖:美國太空軍)
〔編譯陳成良/綜合報導〕中國在軌衛星過去10年增加667%,數量已超過1300顆。美國太空軍評估,中國比俄羅斯更接近挑戰美國太空優勢,但俄羅斯構成更迫切的威脅。
歐洲防務網站《Defence Industry Europe》17日報導,美國太空軍太空系統司令部(SSC)指出,中俄已部署反太空能力,可干擾通訊、破壞地面控制網路,甚至損壞或摧毀衛星。美軍仰賴太空系統執行飛彈預警、追蹤、導航、後勤及安全通訊等任務。
太空系統司令部情報局情報規劃與計畫部門主管帕迪拉上尉(Capt. Amy R. Padilla)表示,中國是美國的主要長期競爭對手,俄羅斯則是更迫切的威脅。她指出,若兩國取得太空優勢甚至太空主導地位,美軍在太空領域的能力將受到嚴重限制。
報導引述SSC評估指出,中國在2025年1月至11月執行70次太空發射,搭載319個酬載,並至少使用10顆衛星追蹤及辨識太空物體。SSC情報整合主管席勒(Alex Schiller)表示,中國投入大量資金並進行更多試驗,比俄羅斯更接近挑戰美國太空優勢。
中國2007年曾以地面飛彈摧毀一枚退役氣象衛星。SSC表示,中國目前已具備可攻擊低地球軌道衛星的反衛星系統,並被認為正研發可攻擊地球同步軌道目標的武器。
俄羅斯正研發「軌道核武」
俄羅斯則持續研究、測試及部署反太空系統。2021年11月,俄羅斯以PL-19「努多爾」(Nudol)飛彈摧毀退役的宇宙1408號(Cosmos 1408)衛星,產生的碎片迫使國際太空站上的太空人及俄羅斯太空人緊急避難。
美國太空軍太空系統司令部(SSC)也指出,俄羅斯正研發一種可能搭載核武、用於反衛星任務的衛星。
反太空攻擊不一定要摧毀衛星才能影響服務。通訊干擾、訊號欺騙及網路入侵,都可能影響衛星、通訊鏈路與地面控制系統;雷射、高功率微波及軌道武器也在SSC列出的威脅之中,高空核爆產生的輻射則可能破壞衛星。
美國太空商業辦公室(Office of Space Commerce)研究估算,GPS服務中斷可能造成每日10億美元經濟損失;若在重要播種期間中斷30天,損失可能高達450億美元。
SSC表示,美國太空軍正導入抗干擾技術及防護軟體,並縮短衛星準備發射所需的時間。將能力分散到規模更大的衛星星座,也能降低對單一衛星的依賴。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美國太空軍將加速導入抗干擾技術與防護軟體
Likely · Within months

The Russian Ministry of Defense reported on October 18 that Russian air defense systems shot down thousands of Ukrainian drones in many places and in the Black Sea. St. Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast and Moscow were hit by large-scale drone attacks that day, causing casualties, fires at oil terminals and local power outages.

Japan and the United States are scheduled to conduct a massive joint military exercise in Japan from 19-29 with a total strength of nearly 60,000 troops and participation by several Western and regional countries. The exercises involve deployment of naval missiles and advanced U.S. equipment, sparking protests and concerns in many parts of Japan.

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The Indian Navy's first multi-purpose ship "Samatak" was officially commissioned on the 16th. The ship has a displacement of about 3,700 tons and was built by Lassen Tubo. It can not only serve as an unmanned vehicle mothership, but also perform mine hunting, weapons testing, maritime patrol and disaster relief missions, making up for the lack of specialized mine hunting ships in the Indian Navy.

The U.S. Army released its latest combat guidance, "How the U.S. Army Fights," to strengthen preparations for high-intensity war in the Western Pacific. The content covers the use of long-range precision firepower to attack land and sea targets, prepositioning troops and ammunition, and dispersing logistics supply points to reduce the impact of China's "anti-access/area denial" capabilities.

The 11th Airborne Division of the U.S. Army officially established the "Polar Logistics Brigade" in Alaska on the 16th. It is responsible for logistics support tasks such as oil bombs, food, equipment maintenance and transportation, and has intelligence and electronic warfare units to maintain long-term combat capabilities in extreme environments.