
《中国胃癌患者生存质量白皮书》显示,我国早期胃癌诊治率长期低于10%,近七成患者因症状就医,其中约四成延迟就医,确诊时III期和IV期患者占比55.2%。专家呼吁精准筛查高危人群,推进生物标志物检测和多学科综合干预以提升早诊率和生存质量。
AI-generated summary
胃癌是中国常见恶性肿瘤之一,早期通常无明显症状,易被忽视。日本和韩国通过常规内镜筛查实现较高早诊率,但中国因人口基数大、资源分布不均,难以复制全民普筛模式。
中新网北京10月5日电(记者 赵方园)“早期消化系统肿瘤,尤其是早期胃癌,基本上没有症状。而等待症状出现,往往已错过最佳的发现时机。”近日,《中国胃癌患者生存质量白皮书》(以下简称《白皮书》)正式发布。作为《白皮书》领衔指导专家,北京大学肿瘤医院消化肿瘤内科主任沈琳接受了中新健康的采访。
《白皮书》显示,近七成(69.0%)的患者因出现症状就医后发现疾病,在因症状就医的患者中,约四成(39.8%)存在延迟就医;确诊时,III期和IV期患者占比高达55.2%。
日本和韩国对50岁以上人群开展常规内镜检查,但在我国,这一模式难以直接复制。“我们的人口基数大,全民普筛并不具备现实可行性,过度普及筛查也易造成医疗资源浪费。因此,需要先把高危人群筛查出来,通过精准识别高危人群、建立常态化内镜筛查机制,针对性开展筛查,才能发现早期胃癌,提升整体早诊率。”
筛查体系的差异,也造成了中外胃癌患者的生存预后差距。相关专家共识显示,我国早期胃癌的诊治率长期低于10%,日本约为70%,韩国约为50%。“这一差距主要源于早诊率低,我国的综合治疗水平并不低。”沈琳说。
当前,胃癌已经进入HER2、MSI/MMR、Claudin18.2、PD-L1等多生物标志物驱动的精准诊疗时代。《白皮书》调研显示,64.7%的患者表示非常愿意或比较愿意接受新型胃癌靶向治疗,然而生物标志物的“知晓”与“实际检测”之间仍存在较大差距。以CLDN18.2为例,患者知晓率达到63.5%,实际检测率仅为36.9%。
在沈琳看来,检测落地的瓶颈在于医生端。“我国目前还没有专科医师制度,很多医生都可以看肿瘤,但对肿瘤领域的最新进展,包括生物标志物检测,并非所有医生的了解都明显高于大众。”
其团队针对全国27个省份53家医院、22万余例胃癌患者的数据分析发现:国内胃癌分子规范检测覆盖率不足,接受新辅助治疗的患者占比不到2%。大量权威诊疗指南推荐的标准化方案,难以在基层临床真正落地。
对此,沈琳建议,需面向全社会尤其是医务人员开展常态化宣教,补齐非肿瘤专科医师的诊疗认知短板。针对传统学术推广覆盖有限的问题,她的团队也在探索借助人工智能,并发布了消化道肿瘤内科专病大模型。“希望它将来能成为医生身边的AI决策伙伴。”
《白皮书》同时揭示了胃癌患者长期被忽视的生存质量困境:82.4%的患者存在轻度及以上营养不良,其中中重度营养不良达到57.5%;87.4%的患者患病后出现不同程度的社交受限。
“胃癌直接影响患者进食与消化功能,患者不仅要承受躯体病痛,还要背负沉重的心理压力,家属也易产生焦虑情绪。”沈琳表示,胃癌治疗不能局限于单一的抗肿瘤药物治疗,更要全程关注患者的生理状态、营养状况和心理情绪,同时兼顾家属的心理疏导,开展全方位、多学科的综合干预。
其团队2021年发表于《临床肿瘤学杂志》的一项III期随机对照研究充分证实了综合干预的临床价值。
该研究纳入328例初治转移性食管胃癌患者。结果显示,接受早期营养与心理多学科支持的患者中位总生存期为14.8个月,而仅接受常规标准化抗肿瘤治疗的患者中位生存期仅11.9个月。
“民以食为天,一旦吃不好,心理和生理各方面都会发生很大变化。”沈琳指出,抑郁、焦虑、失眠都会对整体免疫系统产生很大影响,“这是一种多学科综合治疗,需要心理、生理和营养方面的共同支持与维护。我们治疗的是患肿瘤的人。”
她期待,未来肿瘤能像高血压、糖尿病一样得到控制,真正实现慢病化。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
消化道肿瘤内科专病大模型将在未来成为医生的AI决策伙伴,辅助生物标志物检测和治疗决策
Likely · Within years
通过精准高危人群筛查和常态化内镜机制,中国早期胃癌诊疗率将有望提升
Possible · Within years

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