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Back中朝新鸭绿江大桥预计10月通车,朝鲜加强与中俄交通联系
中朝新鸭绿江大桥预计10月通车,朝鲜加强与中俄交通联系
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德国之声2 hours agoWorld7 min readChinaView translation

中朝新鸭绿江大桥预计10月通车,朝鲜加强与中俄交通联系

连接丹东与新义州的新鸭绿江大桥在建成十多年后有望启用,分析认为此举反映平壤试图在平衡中俄关系的同时,缓解贸易压力并寻求经济复苏。

Quick Look

连接中国丹东与朝鲜新义州的新鸭绿江大桥预计于10月6日通车。该桥建成十多年后终将启用,旨在缓解旧桥压力并促进中朝贸易。与此同时,朝鲜近期亦加强了与俄罗斯的交通基础设施建设,显示其在平衡中俄关系以维持自主性的战略意图。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

新鸭绿江大桥始建于2011年,旨在缓解1943年建成的中朝友谊桥的交通压力。由于朝鲜一侧海关设施建设延误,该桥主体完工后闲置了十多年。

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(德国之声中文网)连接朝鲜与中国的新鸭绿江大桥在建成十多年后,终于有望于10月初通车。人们还注意到,平壤也在加强与俄罗斯的交通联系。

据韩国媒体报道,连接中国东北城市丹东与朝鲜西北部贸易枢纽新义州(Sinuiju)的这座新桥,正式的名称是“中朝鸭绿江界河公路大桥”,预计10月6日正式通车,而这一天恰逢朝中建交77周年。

智库“北纬38度”发布的分析认为,在新桥朝鲜一侧,海关、出入境及仓储设施的基建规模取得了显著进展,此前,这些设施的工地曾长期处于停滞状态。

这座斜拉式结构的新鸭绿江大桥,位于旧桥下游约15公里处,靠近黄海入海口。新大桥为四车道公路桥,跨河全长超过3000米,配有连接周边地区的引桥公路网。

修建该桥的目标,旨在缓解老旧的“中朝友谊桥”的通行压力。旧桥同时承担了公路和铁路运输,至今仍是朝鲜与其最大贸易伙伴中国之间的重要通道。

加强与俄中的联系

在这座新桥启用之前,另一座跨越图们江的公路桥已于9月7日通车,连接了朝鲜罗先地区与俄罗斯的哈桑(Khasan)地区。在此之前,朝俄两国狭窄的陆地边界,仅有铁路相连。

韩国国家情报院前副院长韩基范对德国之声表示,“朝鲜让这座连接中国的大桥闲置了十多年,但在另一座大桥的推进程度上,朝鲜比俄罗斯更为急切。”

他认为,这种差异揭示了平壤的战略意图,朝鲜似乎在刻意改善与俄、中两国关系的节奏,以免重犯过度依赖北京的错误。韩基范说,“如果像过去那样过度依赖中国,朝鲜的自主性会受到削弱。”他补充说,平壤正试图一方面利用与中俄两国的良好关系,同时保持自身的独立性。

这位韩国前统一部的官员还指出,俄罗斯有意经由朝鲜拓展通往太平洋的运输路线。同时,朝鲜也能借此推动贸易增长、发展旅游业,方便向俄罗斯派遣劳工。俄罗斯需要朝鲜的劳动力,而朝鲜工人被认为比俄罗斯工人更勤奋。

这位韩国前官员表示,中国也希望朝鲜不会过度依赖俄罗斯,“从中国的角度来看,它需要防止朝鲜过度向俄罗斯靠拢。”

自2023年朝鲜开始为乌克兰战争提供武器和兵力以来,莫斯科与平壤之间的关系日益密切。随着俄朝战略关系的加深,中国也正采取措施,重申其作为朝鲜主要合作伙伴的地位。

前朝鲜士兵、现任首尔世界朝鲜研究中心负责人安灿一表示,大桥具有额外的地缘政治意义。

安灿一对德国之声表示,“平壤可以利用与中俄不断加深的关系,再加上特朗普与金正恩接触的意愿,添加外交筹码,对韩国采取更强硬的姿态。”

朝鲜缓慢重启

在新冠疫情期间,平壤实际上关闭了边境,大幅削减了贸易,甚至限制了外国外交人员入境。

丹东与新义州之间的跨境货运列车到了2022年才恢复运行。客运列车于今年3月12日恢复通车,这是六年来朝中两国首次恢复铁路客运往来。

安灿一形容这座即将通车的桥梁具有历史意义。

他说,“新鸭绿江大桥实际上是朝中之间第一座现代化桥梁。”修建新桥的计划可追溯至2009年,当时时任中国总理温家宝与朝鲜高层达成建桥协议,希望能够缓解建于1943年的中朝友谊桥的交通压力。

新桥修建工程开始于2011年,主要由中方出资,主体工程于2014年基本完工。然而,由于朝方一侧的海关设施建设延误,大桥的通车受到影响。

安灿一说,新桥通车可视为平壤方面释放出的进一步开放经济的信号,尽管这一进程进展缓慢。

新桥将促进中朝贸易

一位不愿透露姓名的韩国统一部前高级官员告诉德国之声,贸易重启也将使中国的辽宁、吉林和黑龙江省受益。

在对朝鲜制裁以及新冠疫情之前,中国从朝鲜主要进口了海鲜等农副产品,中国的工业品也流向朝鲜。

“双方都有求于对方”,这位前官员说道。他说,朝鲜需要中国的商品以及赚取外汇的机会,中国东北地区也能从跨境贸易中受益。

但是,该官员也表示,长时间的延误,反映出平壤此前不愿在其境内建设海关、物流及其他必要的基础设施。“如今即将通车这一事实,意味着朝鲜已经建成了海关、通关设施和物流仓库。从这个角度来看,朝鲜的需求更为迫切。它现在需要从中国运入商品。”

韩国国家情报院前副院长韩基范预计,新的过境通道将加速中朝贸易复苏,使其重回疫情前的水平,“鸭绿江大桥的开通将进一步促进朝中贸易。”

他说,朝鲜特别需要进口建筑材料和工业生产器械,包括工厂的设备组件。不过,韩基范也提醒不要预期会出现大幅贸易激增。

他指出,平壤的贸易体制日益集中化,国家收紧了对进口的管控,不再允许各工厂和企业更为自主地开展贸易活动。他认为,外汇短缺也可能是另一个制约因素,并提到了朝鲜国内美元非官方汇率的急剧上涨。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 新鸭绿江大桥将于10月6日正式通车。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 朝鲜是否会进一步放宽对进口贸易的管控?
  • 中朝贸易复苏的具体规模和商品结构如何?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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