
孩子睡得較少或青春期出現攻擊行為,可能與早年家庭經驗有關。台大公衛學院研究團隊透過長期追蹤研究發現此一關聯。
台大公衛學院副教授張龄尹團隊研究發現,童年逆境與兒童較短睡眠時數相關,在3至8歲及男童身上較明顯;家庭失能也與男童青春晚期攻擊行為有關,12歲憂鬱症狀可能為中介因素。
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台大公衛學院副教授張龄尹及其研究團隊運用台灣出生世代研究資料,完成2項長期追蹤研究。
台大公衛學院副教授張龄尹(中)的研究成果獲刊國際期刊,內容提到:逆境與較短睡眠時數的關聯,在3至8歲及男童身上較為明顯。(台大公衛提供)
孩子睡得較少、或是在青春期出現攻擊行為,可能與早年的家庭經驗有關。台大公衛學院副教授張龄尹及其研究團隊,透過2項長期追蹤研究發現,童年逆境與兒童較短的睡眠時數相關;而在男生中,童年時期的家庭失能經驗,也與青春晚期較多的攻擊行為有關。2項成果分別刊登於《Academic Pediatrics 》及《European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry》,研究提醒,在瞭解孩子的睡眠、情緒與行為時,也需要關注他們的成長經驗。
研究團隊運用以2005年出生嬰兒為對象的台灣出生世代研究資料,完成2項分析。一項追蹤1萬6666名兒童從6個月至12歲的睡眠,探討的童年逆境包括家庭失能(如父母罹患精神疾病或入獄、未與雙親穩定同住等)及遭受同儕霸凌等經驗;另一項追蹤7,800名青少年至17至18歲,探討家庭失能與攻擊行為的關聯。透過長期追蹤可以瞭解,這些經驗在不同成長階段,如何與孩子後續的健康及行為相連。
在睡眠方面,研究發現,逆境與較短睡眠時數的關聯,在3至8歲及男童身上較為明顯。研究也發現,韌性較高通常與較長的睡眠時數相關,但在面對逆境時,這層保護會變弱。張齡尹表示,孩子的韌性固然重要,但成長環境同樣關鍵,只靠增強孩子的韌性可能不夠,也需要同時減少孩子所經歷的逆境,例如支持照顧者的身心健康,並預防孩子在校園或生活中遭受同儕暴力。
在攻擊行為方面,研究發現,男生在兒童中期的5歲半時經歷家庭失能,以及這些經驗在童年不同階段的累積,都與青春晚期較多的攻擊行為相關。12歲時的憂鬱症狀,可能是連結兩者的部分心理歷程,約可說明其中2到3成的關聯性。因此,當孩子出現攻擊行為時,除了處理眼前的行為,也應瞭解他是否有情緒困擾,以及家庭是否正面臨困難。
研究團隊建議,從學齡前至小學初期,就應關注孩子的睡眠與家庭處境,並將情緒及行為評估納入兒少健康服務。學校、醫療與社福人員可透過創傷知情的方式,理解孩子的反應與過往經驗,依個別需要提供協助,並讓支持持續至青春期。研究希望讓有需要的兒少與家庭更早獲得協助,避免因家庭背景或行為表現而被貼上標籤。
研究發現:孩子睡得較少、或是在青春期出現攻擊行為,可能與早年的家庭經驗有關。示意圖,圖中人物與新聞無關。(圖取自shutterstock)

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