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Back西班牙爆14年來首次全國大罷工 歐洲動盪局勢擴大
西班牙爆14年來首次全國大罷工 歐洲動盪局勢擴大
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自由时报23 minutes agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

西班牙爆14年來首次全國大罷工 歐洲動盪局勢擴大

勞工抗議住房成本飆升與薪資過低,示威者與警方發生衝突

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西班牙週三爆發14年來首次全國性大罷工,導致交通、工廠和公共服務癱瘓,示威者與警察發生衝突。罷工由工會發起,抗議住房成本飆升和薪資過低,發生在左翼總理桑傑士宣佈11月29日提前國會大選之前。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

西班牙上一次全國性大罷工發生在2012年,當時人民黨政府執政,正值歐元區債務危機,實施緊縮措施和預算削減。本次罷工發生在桑傑士政府宣佈11月29日提前國會大選之前,民調顯示他可能輸給保守派和極右翼呼聲黨組成的聯盟。

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西班牙週三(11日)爆發14年來首次全國性大罷工。(美聯社)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕西班牙週三(11日)爆發14年來首次全國性大罷工,導致交通、工廠和公共服務癱瘓,勞工舉行大規模罷工,示威者與警察發生衝突。

《金融時報》報導,這次全國性罷工由工會發起,旨在抗議住房成本飆升和薪資過低問題。罷工發生在左翼總理桑傑士(Pedro Sanchez)宣佈將於11月29日提前舉行的國會大選之前,目前的民調顯示,桑傑士可能會輸給保守派和極右翼政黨呼聲黨(Vox)組成的聯盟。

西班牙大罷工是日益分裂的歐洲社會加劇動盪的最新跡象,過去幾週,在法國和義大利接連爆發大規模抗議行動,示威者不滿生活成本和教育水準下降,其中一些示威活動進一步演變成暴力和搶劫。

在大罷工前,一項調查顯示,只有20%的勞工會參與罷工。但最新的現場影片畫面顯示,大量示威者聚集在工作場所外,並與警方發生衝突。

參與這次罷工的工會之一西班牙工人委員會(CCOO)表示,在工會勢力強大的產業中,大批勞工拒絕在早班出勤,該工會稱,汽車工廠、港口和肉類加工廠高達90%的員工缺勤。

根據西班牙媒體報導,在巴塞隆納,罷工者封鎖了通往當地批發市場Mercabarna的道路,並在通往市場的道路上點燃輪胎和棧板。還有一些人圍堵持續營業的商店員工,大聲命令他們關門。公共交通、醫院和學校也受到影響,許多機構週三僅提供基本服務。

代表商界領袖的西班牙企業組織聯合會(CEOE)則稱,大多數產業的罷工參與率「似乎很低」。酒吧和餐廳的主要產業協會報告也顯示,罷工參與率極低,該產業基本上正常運作。

保守派在野黨人民黨(People's Party)秘書長特拉多(Miguel Tellado)表示,這次罷工是工會為了阻止人民黨上台而採取的「選舉」行動。目前人民黨在民調中領先。

西班牙上一次出現全國性大罷工已經是2012年,在當時的人民黨政府執政期間,正值歐元區債務危機,該政府實施了痛苦的緊縮措施和預算削減。

桑傑士政府實際上支持了罷工,但他的前副總理蒙特羅(María Jesús Montero)表示,這不是針對任何人的罷工,而是為了「捍衛工人的權利」,這一訊息加劇了人們對罷工目標的疑慮。

西班牙一名87歲老婦人先前因無力負擔租金,被警方強制驅離住處,隨後病逝,引發了西班牙民眾對於房價和租金上漲的憤怒,政府將此歸咎於右翼人士阻饒住房改革法令的通過,並在民眾不滿情緒高漲之際,宣佈提前舉行大選。

然而,桑傑士的批評者指責他在執政的8年間,在住房問題毫無作為,還爆出多起腐敗醜聞。除此之外,10月底發生的一起造成69人死亡的火車事故,也讓人們關注他在任期內,西班牙基礎設施投資不足的問題。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 桑傑士政府將在11月29日提前國會大選前面臨更大壓力,可能需要回應住房和薪資訴求。

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 工會可能會繼續組織罷工或抗議行動。

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 罷工對西班牙經濟的具體損失金額是多少?
  • 桑傑士政府將採取什麼具體措施回應住房和薪資訴求?
  • 11月29日提前大選的最終結果將如何?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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