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Back葛來儀:川普延宕對台140億美元軍售 美台和盟友將付出4大代價
葛來儀:川普延宕對台140億美元軍售 美台和盟友將付出4大代價
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自由时报29 minutes agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

葛來儀:川普延宕對台140億美元軍售 美台和盟友將付出4大代價

GMF專家分析川普政府延宕對台軍售將帶來四個代價

Quick Look

華府智庫德國馬歇爾基金會專家發文,認為川普政府延宕向台灣出售約140億美元武器將帶來四個代價,包括延緩台灣防空網路建設、加劇台灣國防預算政治鬥爭、強化北京拖延戰術,以及削弱日韓等盟友對美國承諾的信心,呼籲華府迅速恢復對台軍售通知程序與常規國會通知機制。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

今年1月,美國國會非正式批准了一項價值約140億美元的對台軍售案,但白宮至今未向國會發出正式通知。此次軍售延宕是21年來第4次重大中斷,先前3次分別是在2005至2006年、2007至2008年和2011至2015年。

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華府智庫「德國馬歇爾基金會」(GMF)印太計畫主任葛來儀(Bonnie Glaser)和翰霍普金斯大學高級國際研究學院院長獎學金得主孟諾涯(Noah Munk),9日在GMF官網發表題為「美國暫緩對台軍售」文章,認為川普政府持續的延宕會讓美台雙方和其盟友要付出4個代價,呼籲華府應迅速恢復對台軍售通知程序,並恢復常規的國會通知機制。

文章說,今年1月,美國國會非正式批准了一項價值約140億美元的對台軍售案。然而,白宮至今未向國會發出正式通知,顯示台北距離收到這批武器仍遙遙無期。川普政府聲稱必須優先滿足美國在其他地區的軍事需求,但這種延宕是要付出代價的。

中國將這次的延宕視為其對美國軍售時機具有話語權,甚至擁有否決權。然而,這項延宕持續得越久,一旦解除時,北京當局就會越發憤怒。對台灣而言,這次延宕放慢了其國防建設的進程,並加深了國內對於這筆預算支出的政治惡鬥。而對於美國在印太地區的盟友來說,這引發了對華府在該地區承諾的質疑,並削弱了美國在全球的公信力。

為防止這些挑戰惡化,川普政府應迅速啟動對國會通知程序,首先是向國會通報,為向台灣提供一小批武器做好準備。

文章指出,此次軍售延宕是21年來第4次重大中斷,先前3次分別是在2005至2006年、2007至2008年和2011至2015年。美國擔心支持台灣會損害與北京的合作,這往往是造成這些延宕的原因。川普政府以伊朗戰爭需要軍火為由,為軍售延宕辯護,但許多觀察家認為,川普此舉意在討好中國領導人習近平,或將對台軍售作為談判籌碼。

白宮官員及其支持者以3點理由為這次延宕辯護,包括:川普批准的對台軍售金額超過歷任總統;美國的生產能力有限,而包括與伊朗和烏克蘭戰爭相關的需求,優先於向台灣和其他美國夥伴國提供更多武器;暫緩交付這批武器可以維持與北京的貿易休戰,並為美國爭取時間,使其能夠減少對中國稀土和磁鐵的依賴。

但延宕對台軍售會付出4個代價,包括:1、延緩台灣防空網路的建設,削弱台灣的防禦能力;2、美國延宕軍售加劇台灣內部的國防預算政治鬥爭,讓台灣的「疑美論者」有機可乘,認為美國是一個不可靠的供應商,而且這些支出是浪費;3、讓北京意識到「拖延戰術」是有效的,而且不需要付出任何代價。第4個代價是,日韓國等盟友的戰略規劃都依賴美國在印太地區履行承諾的意願,若華府為了與北京保持更順暢的關係而甘願犧牲台灣的國防,這會讓盟友們有理由對華府產生懷疑。

文章並提出3大建議,包括:1、立即通知國會向台灣提供少量首批武器,從而減少中國做出強烈反應的可能性;2、回到常態化的個別審查: 華府應改為在台灣提出請求時,逐案進行審查,而不是將其捆綁成大型的定期軍售包裹;3、利用國會來恢復常態性與透明度。國會議員可以透過監督和《國防授權法》(NDAA)來要求正式通知,並可要求對武器積壓進行公開追蹤,以便將延遲交付視為一種成本。

文章總結指出,川普政府應抵制北京企圖利用近期達成的「建設性戰略穩定」框架來影響美國對台軍售時機的舉動,更不應否決這些軍售。恢復對台軍售可能會引發中國的報復,但北京自身維護貿易休戰的意願,以及其對2025年12月美國宣布對台灣提供價值111億美元另一批軍售的回應表明,其反應將是有限且暫時的。然而,繼續暫停對台軍售將損害美國及其盟友的戰略利益。華府應迅速恢復對台軍售通知程序,並恢復常規的國會通知機制。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 川普政府將在短期內恢復向國會發出對台軍售正式通知

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 白宮具體何時會向國會發出對台軍售正式通知?
  • 延宕對台灣防空網路建設的具體時間影響是多少?
  • 日韓等盟友對此延宕的具體外交反應如何?

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