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Back都更選錯恐影響分屋!「權利變換、協議合建」 地主分配差很大
都更選錯恐影響分屋!「權利變換、協議合建」 地主分配差很大
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自由时报8 hours agoReal_estate4 min readChinaView translation

都更選錯恐影響分屋!「權利變換、協議合建」 地主分配差很大

中泰不動產估價師聯合事務所說明兩種模式在分配比例、同意門檻與估價方式上的差異

Quick Look

都市更新常見「協議合建」與「權利變換」兩種模式。權利變換依《都市更新條例》第三條第七款定義,需大多數權利人同意,由估價師評估權利價值比率分配;協議合建屬私約,需全體權利人同意,分配比例由雙方自行協商。增建不列入權利價值,裝潢因素亦不計入估價。

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Why It Matters

都市更新是以拆除重建為目的,重建完畢後實施者可分回部分銷坪面積以支應建築開發成本並獲取合理利潤,剩餘面積則分回地主。權利變換與協議合建是兩種常見進行模式,各地主之間應分配的面積比例因模式而異。

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都市更新常見有「協議合建」及「權利變換」兩種進行模式,皆是由實施者協助地主將房屋重建,重建完畢後實施者可分回部分銷坪面積,以支應建築開發成本並獲取合理利潤。

房屋重建後扣除實施者可分回的坪數,剩餘面積則分回地主。至於各地主之間應分配的面積比例如何決定,將因走「協議合建」或「權利變換」而異。

中泰不動產估價師聯合事務所表示,「權利變換」是指將原有土地與建物的價值,透過專業不動產估價師評估權利變換關係人之權利價值比率並計算合理共同負擔比例後,將更新前價值轉換為更新後總銷售金額,並提供公平合理的分配依據。

透過權利變換的方式,在房價較高地區的原地主不需投入資金,而是由實施者負擔,且原地主可以依據更新前的權利價值比率分配更新後房地,對於無法負擔高額重建費用的地主而言,權利變換具有高度的吸引力。

實施者則可以透過整合土地、申請容積獎勵及資本投入的方式,創造較高的更新後價值,並透過共同負擔的提列賺取合理利潤;對於政府方面可以透過都市更新,改善老舊建物、提升市容並增強都市防災能力,還能帶動地方經濟與稅收成長。

中泰表示,權利變換是透過地主、實施者、政府等三方的投入,進而創造多贏的制度,不僅能讓原地主保有資產並提升生活環境,同時也讓實施者與政府各自達成發展與政策目標,權利變換制度在不動產估價師協助提供合理、公正的分配依據情況下,達到共創多贏、都市再生的重要方法。

那麼「權利變換」和「協議合建」有何不同?中泰表示,依據《都市更新條例》第三條第七款定義,權利變換是指更新單元內重建區段之土地所有權人、合法建築物所有權人、他項權利人、實施者或與實施者協議出資之人,提供土地、建築物、他項權利或資金,參與或實施都市更新事業,於都市更新事業計畫實施完成後,按其更新前權利價值比率及提供資金額度,分配更新後土地、建築物或權利金。施行權利變換只需取得大多數權利人同意即可實施。

而協議合建則是地主與建設公司合作,屬於私約型態,因此在價值比率的分配上無任何規定,僅須雙方同意即可,也因此若要採用協議合建則需要取得所有權利人的同意才可實施。

至於「誰」能參加權利變換價值的分配?依據《都市更新權利變換實施辦法》第二條規定,所稱權利變換關係人,指依《都市更新條例》第六十條規定辦理權利變換之合法建築物所有權人、地上權人、永佃權人、農育權人及耕地三七五租約承租人。

裝潢、增建部分 影響權利變化價值

中泰提醒,依據現行規定增建無法算入權利價值,但增建部分若符合土地改良物處理原則,則可以依據《都市更新條例》第57條規定,補償其價值或建物之價值。

另外要注意的是,都市更新是以拆除重建為目的,側重在評估更新單元內所有權人間權利變換價值之公平性,因此多以建物在法定用途及一般正常裝潢條件下進行評估,故裝潢因素就不宜列入權利變換價值之計算。

而最重要的估價者如何產生?依據《都市更新條例》第50條規定,估價者由實施者與土地所有權人共同指定;無法共同指定時,由實施者指定一家,其餘二家由實施者自各級主管機關建議名單中,以公開、隨機方式選任之。

中泰表示,權利變換的估價係經由權利變換小組及都市更新及爭議處理審議委員會等多次審查與檢討的結果,因此估價報告書都是經過嚴格檢視,實務上為了降低共同負擔比率,多數實施者會選定更新前土地總價與更新後房地總價最高者為依據進行認定。

至於「協議合建」則屬於私權契約範疇,免經政府審議,保有較大的彈性,只要實施者和各地主之間談好,就可以依照自行協議的比例進行分配;然而坊間協議合建分配條件多樣,且合建契約保障權利範圍如租金補貼、搬家費、建物殘餘價值、稅賦減免及分攤等皆有不同,建議參與都更時多加留意自身權利。

Open Questions

  • 權利變換與協議合建在具體案例中的分配比例差異有多大?
  • 實施者選定估價者的具體流程與時間表為何?
  • 增建部分符合土地改良物處理原則後,補償金額如何計算?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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