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Back美國政界及汽車業警告:允許中國車商進美市場恐開潘朵拉盒子
美國政界及汽車業警告:允許中國車商進美市場恐開潘朵拉盒子
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

美國政界及汽車業警告:允許中國車商進美市場恐開潘朵拉盒子

Quick Look

美國總統川普與中國國家主席習近平將於本週會談,同時美國政界人士及全球汽車產業警告,允許中國汽車製造商進入美國市場可能如同打開「潘朵拉的盒子」,引發兩黨議員及業界人士共同反對,擔憂中國車商憑藉補貼與低成本將衝擊美國汽車業。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國汽車製造商近年在政府補貼與技術投入下快速成長,成為全球最大汽車出口國,其電動車在歐洲市場佔有率已從2020年的近零升至2025年8月的約12%。美國汽車業擔心中國低價車型進入本土市場將衝擊本地製造與就業。

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美國政界人士及全球汽車產業齊聲警告,允許中國汽車製造商進入美國市場恐像打開「潘朵拉的盒子」。(路透資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕美國總統川普和中國國家主席習近平將在本週進行會談,與此同時,美國政界人士及全球汽車產業都在警告,允許中國汽車製造商進入美國市場可能就像打開「潘朵拉的盒子」。

《CNBC》報導,本(9)月稍早,川普曾表示,如果中國汽車製造商在美國本土生產汽車,他「或許可以接受」允許他們進入美國市場。這番言論引發了由代表美國汽車產業各方的汽車貿易團體聯盟出面呼籲他重新考慮。

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這是來自美國汽車製造商、特許經銷商和供應商之間罕見一致的訊息,隨後,20多名民主黨議員聯名致函川普,呼籲他維持美國對中國汽車製造商的限制。

密西根州民主黨籍參議員斯洛特金(Elissa Slotkin)表示,現在的重點不是黨派問題,這攸關到產業是否想在美國造車,是否想要一個能夠隨時調整生產的基地,如果美國想要這樣,那就不應該讓他們進入這個國家。

據報導,川普計劃在週四(24日)、週五(25日)接待習近平和中國代表團,代表團成員可能包括中國電動車大廠比亞迪創辦人王傳福、全球最大電動車製造商寧德時代創辦人曾毓群。

中國汽車產業專家、通用汽車前高層鄧恩 (Michael Dunne)表示,這兩位高階主管有可能與會,凸顯了習近平這次訪美對美國汽車產業的重要性。

據《路透》報導,通用汽車執行長巴拉( Mary Barra )也將出席川普為習近平舉行的國宴,其他幾位美國企業高層包括特斯拉執行長馬斯克也將出席;在交通部公開批評福特汽車與中國的關係,包括與寧德時代的合約後,這家汽車巨頭拒絕透露執行長法利(Jim Farley)是否會出席;斯泰蘭蒂斯則稱,執行長費洛薩(Antonio Filosa)目前不在國內,將不會出席會議。

業界人士和圍觀者都表達了類似的擔憂,目前美國會正在推進旨在禁止中國汽車製造商進入美國的兩黨法案。

這場施壓行動正值中國汽車製造商迅速向海外市場擴張之際,尤其是在歐洲、中南美洲等地區。全球汽車製造商擔心,像比亞迪和吉利這樣獲得大量補貼的中國競爭對手可能會湧入全球市場,削弱國內產量和汽車價格。

鄧恩直言,自己不認為這些擔憂被誇大了,中國汽車製造商將「迅速壓垮美國汽車業,就像他們現在正在衝擊歐洲汽車業一樣」。

市場研究和顧問公司GlobalData的數據顯示,從2020年到2025年,中國品牌的全球市佔率將成長近70%。總部位於德國的Dataforce數據顯示,2020年,中國汽車製造商在歐洲的市佔幾乎為零,但是8月已達到約12%。

鄧恩指出,中國數十家汽車製造商目前正在該國展開一場「你死我活的價格戰」,到處都是虧損,若是能進入美國市場,這是至今為止世界上最賺錢的汽車市場,就像得到一個巨大的救命氧氣罐。

在本世紀大部份時間裡,中國是世界上規模最大、成長最快的市場之一,外國汽車製造商蜂擁至這個國家,希望獲得龐大的銷售和利潤。經過通用汽車等製造商多年的努力,中國汽車產業迅速從封閉的產業轉變為全球最大的汽車出口市場。

專家表示,中國經濟成長的動力來自於政府對企業的補助,以及中國在勞工身上灌輸的文化。由於中國市場成長放緩和工廠產能利用率不足,政府決定加強出口。

鄧恩表示,中國的野心和經商方式與美國盟友截然不同,這與允許從日本、南韓和其他國家進口商品的情況不同。正如習近平多次暗示,中國的目標是「讓其他國家更加依賴中國,中國減少對其他國家的依賴」,這不是一種友好的姿態。

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將在未來數週通過限制中國汽車進口的兩黨法案

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 中國汽車製造商將加大對歐洲和新興市場的投入

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 川普是否會改變先前對中國車商的態度?
  • 美國兩黨禁止中國車商進美的法案是否能通過?
  • 中國車商若被擋在美國市場外,是否會加大對其他地區的出口力度?

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