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Back一名公務員如何長期瞞天過海,身兼五職?
一名公務員如何長期瞞天過海,身兼五職?
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BBC中文18 minutes agoCrime6 min readChinaView translation

一名公務員如何長期瞞天過海,身兼五職?

卡希姆·喬杜里同時受僱於多個英國政府部門,每週合約工時達183小時,最終被裁定九項欺詐罪名成立。

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英国公务员卡希姆·喬杜里2020年至2023年间同时担任八份互相重叠的公共部门全职工作,每周合约工时达183小时,从纳税人手中骗取超过28.4万英镑。2024年11月9日,他在伦敦南华克皇家法院被裁定九项欺诈罪名成立,将面临非常长的监禁刑期。

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Why It Matters

卡希姆·喬杜里2020年至2023年间同时担任八份互相重叠的公共部门全职工作,每周合约工时达183小时,从纳税人手中骗取超过28.4万英镑。公务员体系的人力资源管理系统并非中央统一管理,各部门独立作出招聘决定,彼此之间没有互通资料的系统。喬杜里在求职申请表上没有申报自己已经是公务员,因此系统未能识别重复受聘的情况。

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2023年5月,阿莉莎·亞當斯(Aleesha Adams)與卡希姆·喬杜里(Kashim Chowdhury)進行視像通話。

當時,喬杜里已因病請假近三個月。他任職於英國衛生安全局(UK Health Security Agency, UKHSA),而身為他的直屬上司,亞當斯希望制定一個計劃,協助他逐步重返工作崗位。

通話一開始,喬杜里便不斷咳嗽,還把紙巾舉到鏡頭前,試圖證明自己病得很重。但真正引起亞當斯注意的,是他看起來異常蒼白。

她留意到,他額頭上的白色粉末開始脫落。她在庭上作供時說:「他一直流汗,那些東西好像被擦掉了,下面的皮膚顏色較深,頸部也是。」

她懷疑喬杜里塗了白色化妝品,刻意扮作病容。他在庭上否認這項指控。

一直未被揭發的欺詐行為

亞當斯當時並不知道,UKHSA並非喬杜里唯一的僱主。

就在同一個月,他還同時受僱於環境、食品及鄉郊事務部(Defra)、商業及貿易部、食品標準局,以及內政部,並且全部都是全職工作。他每星期的合約工時合共達183小時,甚至超過一星期的總時數。他透過欺詐手段,從納稅人手中騙取超過28.4萬英鎊(37.94萬美元;253.27萬元人民幣;1,250.14萬元新台幣)。

2020年至2023年間,他合共曾同時擔任八份互相重疊的公共部門全職工作。這名職級相對初級的公務員在這段期間領取了35萬英鎊薪酬。

與喬杜里通話後不久,亞當斯發現他登入視像會議時,使用的是環境、食品及鄉郊事務部的電郵地址。她向他提出質疑,他卻歸咎於技術故障。

她在倫敦南華克皇家法院(Southwark Crown Court)審訊期間向陪審團表示:「我相信他在說謊。」她隨即向更高層級的主管反映疑慮。

然而,喬杜里的欺詐行為仍然沒有被揭發。他一直能夠同時擔任多份政府工作,直至2023年9月離開公務員體系。

直到2024年,政府的「國家欺詐調查計劃」(National Fraud Initiative)才揭發事件。該計劃每兩年會檢查公務員資料庫尋找異常情況,包括薪酬紀錄。

星期一(11月9日),喬杜里被裁定九項欺詐罪名成立。法官告訴他,他將面臨「非常長的監禁刑期」。

56歲的喬杜里每天獨自到庭應訊。他已婚,但庭上似乎從未有朋友或家人到場支持。

他經常頭戴一頂毛球冷帽,手提兩個塑膠購物袋,沿着法院大樓的走廊走動。

有時,他在證人席上看起來一臉茫然。

喬杜里於2015年被診斷患有創傷後壓力症(PTSD)。他表示,自己之所以接下這麼多工作,是因為過去曾經歷不穩定的就業情況,害怕失去生計。他稱自己在2013年被迫離開教育部的一份工作。

他說當時申請工作時,自己「因為壓力、痛苦和創傷,加上內心恐慌」,未能清晰思考。

但控方反駁指,他的行為是「蓄意」的,屬於「有意欺詐」,並且利用制度漏洞謀取利益。

這宗案件卻也引發公務員體系的重要疑問:他究竟如何能夠長期瞞天過海?

其中一個原因,是公務員體系的人力資源管理系統並非中央統一管理。喬杜里在政府的求職申請表上,沒有申報自己已經是一名公務員,因此系統未能識別重複受聘的情況。

智庫「政府研究所」(Institute for Government)的漢娜·基南(Hannah Keenan)表示,制度顯然失效。

她說:「各政府部門各自獨立作出招聘決定,彼此之間沒有互通資料的系統。」

「不過,這種模式及其背後的文化行不通,其實並不令人意外。我們早已知道,有些表現欠佳的員工會在不同職位之間轉換,藉此避過監察。」

英國公務員體系共有超過55萬名僱員,當中不少人在倫敦市中心白廳(Whitehall)的政府辦公室工作。他們負責執行政府政策,以及處理國家的日常行政事務。

喬杜里的欺詐行為一直未被揭發,另一個原因是他完全在倫敦東部、與母親同住的家中工作。2023年,他的母親患有認知障礙症及末期癌症。他告訴僱主,自己需要留在家中照顧母親。

然而,他沒有減少工作量以便專心照顧母親,反而接下更多工作。他透過向家庭醫生索取病假證明,掩飾自己根本不可能完成的每日工作時間表。

2023年4月,他分別向環境、食品及鄉郊事務部、英國健康安全局、商業及貿易部,以及食品標準局請病假,理由是患上他所稱的「混合性焦慮及抑鬱症」。

陪審團獲提供相關病假證明,但沒有獲得任何證據說明其抑鬱症的成因,也沒有證據顯示他在這段期間曾接受精神科評估。

即使正在請病假,他仍然開始另一份新工作,這次是到內政部任職。他沒有告訴新僱主自己正在生病,也沒有透露自己同時受僱於其他地方。

不出所料,接連有多名直屬上司向陪審團表示,喬杜里的工作表現一直不理想。

其中,曾在環境、食品及鄉郊事務部管理喬杜里的丹·麥卡尼(Dan McCartney)所提供的證供尤其不利。

他表示,自己幾乎「一直都要直接告訴他應該做甚麼」。喬杜里更曾連續四個月在視像會議中關掉鏡頭,聲稱遇到技術問題。

然而,由於喬杜里在該部門沒有接受任何正式的工作表現評估,最終仍獲得長期聘用,並在當地工作了兩年。

2023年9月,調查人員發現喬杜里的銀行戶口有超過4萬英鎊存款,另外還持有大量投資,包括價值4.5萬英鎊的英國政府儲蓄債券(Premium Bonds)。

「害怕承擔風險」的公務員體系

獨立智庫Re:State最近訪問了1,700名公務員,調查發現76%的受訪者認為,公務員體系在處理工作表現欠佳的員工方面做得不好。

一名前高級公務員向BBC表示,公務員體系在文化上普遍不願意處理員工的工作表現問題。

他說:「白廳早已知道,自己必須減少避險心態。隨着公務員人數縮減,以及人工智能技術逐漸普及,這一點變得更加重要。」

「但不要低估當中的恐懼因素:一方面,大家害怕處理曠日持久的申訴程序;另一方面,也害怕如果公務員體系像大型私營企業那樣,透過支付一筆款項並達成和解協議,來裁走表現欠佳的員工,這時便會被指浪費納稅人的錢。」

環境、食品及鄉郊事務部發言人表示:「卡希姆·喬杜里濫用了公職人員所獲得的信任,欺詐納稅人近28.5萬英鎊。他現在理應為自己的行為承擔後果。」

「這次定罪,是環境、食品及鄉郊事務部反欺詐及調查小組經過全面而細緻的調查後取得的成果。案件發出明確訊息:政府公帑不容被欺詐,違法者必須被追究責任。」

政府的「國家欺詐調查計劃」在最近一份報告中,於倫敦發現23宗「多重受僱」個案。在短短數個月內,調查揭發的超額薪酬合共達50萬英鎊。

除了刑事欺詐案,喬杜里還與三名兄弟姊妹陷入法律糾紛。他們指控喬杜里在母親生命最後幾天,以「欺凌」手段迫使母親簽署文件,把價值210萬英鎊的住宅一半業權轉讓給他。他否認指控。

在刑事審訊期間,喬杜里有時似乎對自己聽到的內容感到困惑,並將自己編織的謊言歸咎於創傷。陪審團花了七小時作出裁決,認為他是出於個人利益而犯案,從納稅人手中盜取數以萬計英鎊。

喬杜里如今將面臨相當長的監禁刑期。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 卡希姆·喬杜里将被判处非常长的监禁刑期

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 英国公务员体系将加强跨部门人力资源资料互通

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 喬杜里最终将面临多长的监禁刑期?
  • 其他22宗“多重受雇”个案的调查进展如何?
  • 公务员体系是否会建立中央统一的人力资源管理系统以防止类似事件再次发生?
  • 喬杜里与兄弟姐妹关于母亲住宅产权的法律纠纷最终结果如何?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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