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Back国际最新研究:非洲水资源并未得到充分利用
国际最新研究:非洲水资源并未得到充分利用
Science
中国新闻网yesterdayScience3 min readChinaView translation

国际最新研究:非洲水资源并未得到充分利用

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《自然》期刊最新研究指出,非洲用水紧张主要源于基础设施缺失而非水源短缺。2020年非洲用水需求较2010年增长约26%,但仍有约7.17亿人无法使用自来水,研究建议通过精准数据指明水资源投资方向。

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Why It Matters

研究旨在评估非洲水资源可利用量与用水需求,以支持可持续发展目标6(SDG6)。研究涵盖了城市、灌溉、畜牧业等六大用水领域。

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中新网北京10月29日电 (记者 孙自法)国际学术期刊《自然》最新发表一篇环境科学论文指出,一项研究结果表明,非洲部分地区的用水紧张可能源于基础设施不到位,而不是缺少水源。这也说明,非洲的水资源并未得到充分利用。

该研究显示,非洲的用水需求在2010年到2020年期间增长了约26%,但2020年仍有约7.17亿人用不上自来水。论文作者绘制出不同领域的用水需求全景图,指出增加非洲水资源可利用量所需解决的问题,而增加水资源可利用量也是可持续发展目标6“清洁饮水和卫生设施”(SDG6)的内容之一。

据论文介绍,理解用水需求能否得到满足,需要对水资源可利用量以及用水进行详细评估。整个非洲大陆的水资源可利用量参差不齐,许多地区的需求没有得到满足。然而,由于对供需差异的理解不够充分,因此难以落实基于实情的水管理决策。

在本项研究中,为应对数据缺乏的问题,论文第一作者和通讯作者、总部位于斯里兰卡科伦坡的国际水管理研究所(IWMI)的Davy Vanham与同事及合作者一起,对2020年非洲全境的用水需求进行了详细评估。

他们研究了城市、灌溉、畜牧业、制造业(包括食品、服装和工业材料这类亚领域)、发电厂、采矿业6大领域的用水需求,其统计的数据来源包括49个国家的国家统计局;450多个水务公司、2534个发电厂、682个矿厂的记录;作物和牲畜地图。

据估算,非洲2020年的年度用水总需求在347立方千米左右,而2010年的在274立方千米左右。灌溉占了用水总需求的65%,其次是家庭和城市供水占17%,发电占10%,剩余的需求来自制造业、畜牧业和采矿业。

这项研究发现,除了缺水地区外,非洲部分地区的基础设施不到位,意味着即使供水充足也难以满足用水需求。论文作者估计,2020年非洲共有6.42亿人(主要分布在城市居民区)能用上自来水,但仍有7.17亿人用不上自来水。

论文作者总结认为,本项研究结果表明,在地方尺度和不同领域绘制用水与水资源可利用量地图极富价值,这类详细数据可指明投资方向,从而增加水资源可及性。

Open Questions

  • 如何有效筹集改善非洲水基础设施的资金?
  • 不同国家在水管理政策上的具体差异是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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