
醫師張家銘指出,脂肪肝不一定與飲酒有關,體重正常者也可能有肝臟脂肪堆積。研究顯示綠色地中海飲食能有效減少肝臟與內臟脂肪。
醫師張家銘表示,脂肪肝非肥胖或飲酒專利。研究指出,持續18個月的「綠色地中海飲食」可讓肝臟脂肪平均減少38.9%。他建議透過減少含糖飲料、增加膳食纖維、適量吃核桃及減少加工肉品4原則來改善。
AI-generated summary
全球約每3位成年人有一位有脂肪肝,早期脂肪肝可透過飲食與生活調整改善。
醫師張家銘表示,脂肪肝不一定與飲酒有關,體重正常的人也可能有肝臟脂肪堆積。增加蔬菜、豆類、全穀、核桃及綠茶攝取,有助改善肝臟與內臟脂肪;圖為情境照。
全球估計大約每3位成年人,就有一位有脂肪肝!多數人沒喝酒、體重也不重,仍可能有脂肪肝,脂肪肝有可能造成罹癌風險的增加。精準預防醫學會理事長張家銘引述研究指出,早期脂肪肝有機會透過飲食與生活調整改善,研究發現,「綠色地中海飲食」持續18個月,肝臟脂肪平均減少38.9%、內臟脂肪減少14.1%。想改善脂肪肝,可掌握4原則:少喝含糖飲料、增加膳食纖維、適量吃堅果,以及減少紅肉與加工肉品。
張家銘於臉書「基因醫師張家銘」發文分享,很多人是在健康檢查時才發現,明明平常沒有喝酒,體重也沒有特別重,肝臟卻已開始囤積脂肪。早期脂肪肝仍可透過飲食與生活調整改善,有些人有機會讓肝臟脂肪恢復到正常範圍。
2021年國際醫學期刊《Gut》發表一項研究,發現採用綠色地中海飲食(Green Mediterranean Diet),經過18個月,肝臟脂肪平均減少38.9%。同一研究計畫在2022年《BMC Medicine》發表的分析也發現,綠色地中海飲食讓內臟脂肪平均減少14.1%,是傳統地中海飲食減少幅度的2.35倍。
張家銘說明,這項名為DIRECT-PLUS的研究,將294位成年人分成3組,所有人都有運動建議,追蹤18個月。一般健康飲食組,體重平均減少0.4%,內臟脂肪減少4.2%,肝臟脂肪減少12.2%。傳統地中海飲食組,體重減少2.7%,內臟脂肪減少6.0%,肝臟脂肪減少19.6%。綠色地中海飲食組,體重減少3.9%,內臟脂肪減少14.1%,肝臟脂肪減少38.9%。
改善脂肪肝從每天3餐開始
張家銘接著說,綠色地中海飲食即為在原本的地中海飲食基礎上,多吃蔬菜、豆類、全穀、堅果等植物性食物,增加植物多酚的攝取,同時減少紅肉和加工肉品。研究中特別加入每天28公克核桃、3至4杯綠茶,以及富含植物營養素的蕪萍(Mankai, 無根萍)。簡單來說,就是多吃植物性食物、多攝取天然多酚、少吃紅肉,幫助身體改善脂肪代謝,減少肝臟與內臟脂肪的堆積。
民眾應該如何將研究成果融入生活中?張家銘建議,改善脂肪肝可先從每天3餐著手,不妨從以下4項改變做起:
●第1個改變,減少含糖飲料
手搖飲、汽水、加糖咖啡及果汁,很容易增加糖分與熱量。先把每天1杯含糖飲料換成白開水或無糖茶。
●第2個改變,增加膳食纖維
午餐、晚餐讓蔬菜占餐盤約一半,搭配豆腐、魚類、蛋及適量全穀,每天可以朝25至30公克膳食纖維努力。
●第3個改變,適量攝取堅果
可參考研究中的28公克核桃,取代部分餅乾、甜點。記得是替換零食,避免額外增加熱量。
●第4個改變,減少加工肉品與過量紅肉
培根、香腸、火腿不要天天吃,平常可以多選擇魚、豆腐、豆類及其他優質蛋白質。
張家銘總結,民眾不需要一次把所有習慣改掉,先挑一兩件能持續做到的事情,慢慢調整就很好。脂肪肝並不代表肝臟再也回不到健康狀態,脂肪肝還是有機會改善,越早開始越好。

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