
“神工天巧——徽州古建筑文化展”在内蒙古博物院开展,展出117件安徽博物院文物
10月1日,“神工天巧——徽州古建筑文化展”在内蒙古博物院开展,展出来自安徽博物院的117件文物,通过徽州古建展现南北相望、一脉相承的中华文化根脉与交流互鉴。
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安徽博物院精选117件文物赴内蒙古博物院展出,呈现徽州古建筑文化与南北文化的交融。
中新网呼和浩特10月1日电 题:南北相望共一脉:徽州古建走进内蒙古
中新网记者 刘文华
10月1日,“神工天巧——徽州古建筑文化展”在内蒙古博物院开展。展览从安徽博物院精选了117件文物,分为“水墨清幽处”“无宅不雕花”两个部分。江南的粉墙黛瓦来到北疆青城,相隔千里的皖南与内蒙古在展厅里有了一次文化上的对话,也让人看到南北之间一脉相承的中华文化根脉。
顺应自然,南北同理
古徽州人建村落讲究“天人合一”。村落依山就势,往大处看会察看山川走势,往小处看会把山水景致引进室内,才有了闻名天下的“画里乡村”。
徽派建筑最有辨识度的是马头墙。它高低错落、翘角昂首,很像骏马抬头。马头墙也叫封火墙。徽州村落房屋挨得很密,它能挡住火势蔓延。古人把防火这个实际需要,做成了一道独特的天际线。
“说到这一点,内蒙古的观众应该很有共鸣。”内蒙古博物院展览陈列部副研究馆员白雷说:“徽州人顺着山水建村子,草原上的牧民逐水草而居,蒙古包可以拆装,圆形的造型能抵御风寒。两种建筑在南北两头,样子差别很大,背后都是敬畏自然、因地制宜的智慧。”
三绝之中,是共同的价值
民居、祠堂、牌坊并称“徽州古建三绝”。展览以典型实例为线索:2000年,“皖南古村落——西递、宏村”列入《世界遗产名录》;明代建筑老屋阁及绿绕亭是全国重点文物保护单位;胡氏宗祠被誉为“木雕艺术博物馆”;绩溪县龙川村的奕世尚书坊,是为旌表胡富、胡宗宪而立的。
策展团队介绍,民居是过日子的地方,祠堂用来凝聚宗族,牌坊用来表彰德行。这些建筑里有重家风、尚耕读、崇忠义的观念。这些不只是徽州一地的追求,家国情怀,在哪里都能引起共鸣。
方寸雕刻,见证交流互鉴
徽州古建素有“无宅不雕花”的说法。展厅里有明代鳌鱼脊饰砖雕、云中白鹤砖雕、石雕狮子柱头,也有清代人物纹砖雕、宝相花窗扇和木雕花卉纹梁柁。
讲解员李啸蒙带观众参观时,会请大家多留意两件展品:“一件是狮子柱头。中国本土不产狮子,狮子是汉代以后沿着丝绸之路从西域传进来的,后来成了守护吉祥的象征,连徽州山村的柱头上都有。另一件是宝相花窗扇。宝相花在唐代很流行,一般认为它融合了佛教艺术里的莲花等多种花卉的特点。在内蒙古的召庙、民居装饰里,同样能看到狮子、莲花这些纹样。”
文化的流动并不只有一个方向。徽商走南闯北,素有“无徽不成镇”的说法,徽州的营造技艺和生活方式也跟着传到各地。文化本来就是在流动中丰富起来的。
展厅复原了徽州古建筑场景,观众可以近距离感受民居、祠堂、牌坊的形制特点,仿佛走进了古徽州的街巷。展出期间还有公益导赏、NPC互动导览、“徽影留章”集章、“神工巧匠”研学工坊等活动,让传统营造技艺以更年轻的方式走近大众。
“两省(自治区)博物院合作办展,本身就是一次交融。”白雷说:“我们希望北方观众不用远赴皖南,就能读懂徽州古建的营造智慧,也能从一砖一雕里体会到,中华文明是各地区、各民族共同创造的。了解得越多,认同就越深。”(完)

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