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Back烏克蘭軍事採購系統腐敗導致武器失效與巨額損失
烏克蘭軍事採購系統腐敗導致武器失效與巨額損失
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自由时报1 hour agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

烏克蘭軍事採購系統腐敗導致武器失效與巨額損失

Quick Look

烏克蘭軍事採購系統存在嚴重腐敗與管理不善,導致劣質武器供應前線,造成砲彈失效等戰場問題。儘管官員知悉問題,仍持續向涉嫌貪腐與欺詐的承包商發放合約。審計報告顯示,2024年僅因欺詐、浪費與管理不善就損失約12億美元,其中包括對火箭砲採購的異常高價決策。此一情況不僅影響戰鬥力,亦引發國內政治動盪與街頭抗議。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

烏克蘭自2022年面臨俄羅斯全面入侵後,依賴西方武器援助與國內軍事生產維持防禦。然而,戰時採購壓力大、監管鬆散,導致腐敗與管理不善滋生。本文揭露系統性問題如何影響前線戰鬥力並造成國家資源巨額流失。

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當俄羅斯軍隊於2024年向烏克蘭東部戰壕推進時,烏軍砲兵陣地開火還擊。然而,砲彈並未在敵軍附近爆炸,而是無力地掉出發射管,或伴隨悶響落地,激起一陣煙塵。調查發現,一家烏克蘭本土兵工廠向軍方提供數千枚劣質迫擊砲彈。這起事件成為烏俄戰爭中最受矚目的國防工業欺詐案之一,該兵工廠負責人希曼(Leonid Shyman)最終遭逮捕並起訴。

然而,紐約時報取得的烏克蘭政府機密審計報告顯示,儘管官員已察覺武器存在瑕疵,國防採購局(Defense Procurement Agency)仍持續將新合約發包給希曼的工廠。根據紐時取得的審計報告、法院紀錄與烏克蘭新聞報導,這類現象在烏克蘭戰場上屢見不鮮;排名前十大的軍事承包商中,有7家即使面臨公開的欺詐刑事調查、先前合約未能履約,甚至執行長因貪腐被捕,卻依然能獲得新訂單。

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以希曼為例,他在贏得首份迫擊砲合約時,已因涉嫌挪用公款與欺詐面臨反貪機構的多項調查;政府甚至在他因貪腐指控交保候傳期間,將價值2.8億美元(約新台幣89億元)的合約交給他。

由國家審計署(State Audit Service)及國防部內部審計部門進行的機密審查揭露,烏克蘭的軍事採購系統充斥著嚴重的管理不善,不僅無視警訊,超收費用或未能交貨也鮮少面臨後果。部分企業在未證明具備供應能力,或缺乏交貨許可證的情況下,仍獲得合約。審計人員更揪出18家曾在先前協議違約卻再度簽約的公司,其中6家甚至從未履行過任何一份合約。

這套千瘡百孔的系統,讓全球各地的軍火商荷包賺滿,包括烏克蘭與美國企業。內部政府審計顯示,光是在2024年,烏克蘭就因欺詐、浪費與管理不善損失約12億美元(約新台幣380億元)。這些從未公開的鉅額損失不斷攀升之際,烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基(Volodymyr Zelenskyy)正四處向盟國懇求更多武器與資金援助。

前國防採購局顧問瓦哈博夫(Tamerlan Vahabov)受訪時直言:「軍隊得不到所需物資,預算卻因未交貨與超額支付而縮水。結果是我們沒錢訂購更多武器,彈藥數量也不足,這已成為不斷重演的模式。」

紐時指出,這些涵蓋2024與2025年的審計報告,宛如對軍事外包流程的「驗屍」報告。例如,在2024年一項價值數億美元的火箭砲採購案中,國防採購局無視土耳其製造商Arca Defense提出的最低報價,反而將合約交給報價最高、作為中間商的捷克集團(Czechoslovak Group)子公司。審計人員直指此決策「毫無正當理由」,且導致烏克蘭多支付約1.3億美元。

這套在戰爭初期支撐烏克蘭奮戰,並推動無人機革命的採購流程,如今已成為烏克蘭的致命弱點,甚至撼動國內政治。前國防部長費多羅夫(Mykhailo Fedorov)曾試圖整頓該系統,他遭解職後直言「內部存在嚴重貪腐」,並聲稱自己是遭國防承包商逼迫下台,此事件更引發開戰以來最大規模的街頭抗議。

儘管澤倫斯基多次宣示將打擊貪腐,但他未能有效清理採購系統,問題甚至已延燒至其核心圈。美國反貪專家瓦瑟斯特倫(James Wasserstrom)語重心長地表示:「在烏克蘭,任何沒被釘死的東西都會被偷走。這已經是一項由來已久的傳統。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 烏克蘭將面臨國內外壓力,對國防採購系統進行結構性改革

    Likely · Within months

  • 涉及貪腐與欺詐的軍事承包商將面臨司法調查與可能的制裁

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 烏克蘭政府是否將對涉案承包商進行徹底清查?
  • 國際援助是否將附加更嚴格的監管條件?
  • 受影響的軍事單位是否已獲得補償或換裝?
  • 審計報告是否將導致司法追責?

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