
西北政法大学人权理论教研室主任杨博文接受中新社专访,解析新疆法治实践与人权保障理念
西北政法大学专家杨博文指出,新疆通过完善多元化纠纷解决机制、推行双语司法及依法打击暴恐活动,在保障国家安全与民众合法权益方面积累了治理经验,为多民族聚居地区治理提供了可供研究的样本。
AI-generated summary
新疆历史上曾受民族分裂、宗教极端及暴力恐怖势力影响。目前新疆通过法治方式打击犯罪,并推行多元化纠纷解决机制。
中新社北京10月6日电 题:专家谈边疆善治:新疆司法实践为多民族聚居地区治理提供样本
中新社记者 李百加
多民族聚居地区治理是一项长期的、世界性的课题,西北政法大学人权理论教研室主任杨博文近期接受中新社“东西问”专访时说,新疆司法实践中蕴含法治思维和人权保障理念,为该课题提供了可观察与研究的样本。
新疆地处中国西北,自古以来就是多民族聚居地区,多种宗教并存传播汇聚。第七次全国人口普查数据显示,新疆全区常住人口中,汉族人口为1092.01万人,占总人口42.24%,少数民族人口为1493.22万人,占总人口57.76%。
立足实际
杨博文介绍,改革开放以来,新疆立足自身地域特征与民族地区实际,持续推进地方立法,围绕政治、经济、文化、教育、宗教、民族团结、社会保障等各个方面,出台了数百部地方性法规。
“新疆的司法实践,植根于这片土地的治理传统之中。”杨博文梳理,目前全区地方层面建成15个分中院、99个基层法院、275个人民法庭,配套搭建1.29万余个市县乡村四级公共法律服务站点、1.39万余个人民调解组织。这一完善的多元化纠纷解决机制与公共法律服务体系深入草场牧区、沙漠绿洲、边境村镇,成为司法服务民众的最前沿。
新疆司法实践也朝精细化方向完善。多次赴疆调研,杨博文观察,在诉讼语言权利保障上,新疆法院和检察院全面推行“双语司法”。乌鲁木齐全市180余间科技法庭配齐国家通用语言、维吾尔语、哈萨克语三语智能互译系统;市内双语裁判文书翻译应用率达到95%。“这套服务机制保障各族当事人看得懂文书、听得清庭审、说得清自身诉求,顺畅参与司法全过程。”
杨博文告诉记者,新疆还通过创新纠纷解决机制及延伸巡回审判服务等方式,切实维护各族民众的合法权益。在新疆哈密市巴里坤哈萨克自治县,一位法官跨越500公里、深入夏牧场,将司法服务送达牧民家门口;伊犁州新源县喀拉布拉镇,法官在核桃树下喝奶茶、拉家常,就地化解民众矛盾纠纷……
“新疆的司法实践,展现了因地制宜、保障各民族权益的灵活性,其核心始终是追求公正、促进团结、服务人民。”杨博文说。
双标解读
一段时期内,新疆地区深受民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力的叠加影响,暴力恐怖袭击事件频繁发生,对各族民众生命财产安全造成极大危害,社会生产生活秩序受到严重影响。面对复杂的安全形势和各族民众对安定生活的迫切需求,新疆坚持法治思维、运用法治方式严惩危害国家安全与社会稳定的违法犯罪活动,有效遏制了暴恐活动多发频发势头,最大限度保障各族民众的生存权、发展权等基本权利。
而国际上一些势力就此对新疆司法实践进行片面解读,认为过多聚焦国家安全和社会稳定、承担政治治理任务。
“这种论调是典型地把国家安全、社会稳定和民众的合法权益对立起来。”杨博文指出,通过司法来保障国家安全和社会稳定,实际上在世界各国普遍存在、也都有相应制度。将危害国家安全的行为写入刑法,定罪处刑,在当代各国刑法中也是非常成熟且普遍的实践。
欢迎对话
杨博文强调,中国在新疆的司法实践,办案法律依据清晰明确,坚持法律面前人人平等,在依法惩治各类违法犯罪的同时充分尊重各族民众风俗习惯、保障公民宗教信仰自由等权利,全过程严守程序正义,得到了各族民众的支持和认可。
“我们欢迎国际社会‘走进来’,切实看到新疆社会发展、亲耳听到各族民众的真实声音。也希望推动相关经验‘走出去’,为不同国家和地区开展法治合作、探索多民族聚居地区社会治理提供参考。”杨博文说。
受访者简介:
杨博文,法学博士,西北政法大学人权研究中心讲师、硕士生导师、人权理论教研室主任,研究方向为宪法学、人权与全球治理,在《法律史评论》《北大法律评论》《地方立法研究》等刊物发表多篇文章,主持中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助“国际人权话语斗争视野下美国国会涉华人权立法研究”等项目。

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