Back美國要網上直播軍法槍決胡德堡基地槍擊案兇手
美國要網上直播軍法槍決胡德堡基地槍擊案兇手
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BBC中文2 hours agoDefense3 min readChinaView translation

美國要網上直播軍法槍決胡德堡基地槍擊案兇手

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美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞思表示,公众将能够观看纳达尔·马里克·哈桑通过行刑队枪决方式被处决的直播,此举将是美国近一个世纪以来首次公开处决。哈桑因2009年在德州胡德堡军事基地枪杀13名无武装美军士兵而被判死刑,处决日期定为12月3日。尽管特朗普已批准该决定,但法律专家质疑其合法性,指出哈桑的上诉程序尚未结束,直播处决可能面临平台政策限制和伦理争议。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

纳达尔·马里克·哈桑是一名前美国陆军精神科医生,于2009年11月5日在德州胡德堡军事基地的一座医疗大楼内开火,导致13名无武装士兵死亡、30余人受伤。该事件是美国军事基地史上最致命的非战斗袭击。哈桑在2013年的军事法庭审判中被判处死刑,但其上诉程序尚未结束。美国自1961年以来未进行过军事处决,上一次公开处决发生在更早时期。

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美國國防部長皮特·赫格塞思表示,公眾將能夠觀看一名前美國陸軍少校以行刑隊槍決方式被處決。

美國國防部一名官員向BBC表示,2009年在胡德堡(Fort Hood)槍殺13名手無寸鐵美軍士兵的納達爾·馬里克·哈桑(Nidal Hasan)將被直播處決。

外界認為,這將是美國近一個世紀以來首次公開處決。長期代表死刑犯的律師約翰·米爾斯(John Mills)表示,決定直播處決在「現代時代前所未有」,而且處於「法律基礎不明確的領域」。

赫格塞思表示:「我們會確保民眾能夠觀看,確保它是公開的。」

「人們需要明白,這類事情會帶來嚴重後果。」

五角大樓本星期稍早宣布將處決哈桑,這將是60多年來首次軍事處決。

赫格塞思在接受保守派電視台「真美國之聲」(Real America's Voice)訪問時稱,哈桑「將面對由士兵組成的行刑隊槍決,本應如此」。

當被問及哈桑是否提出任何最後要求,或曾聯絡總統唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump;川普)時,赫格塞思表示:「不在乎。12月3日見分曉。」

五角大樓發言人肖恩·帕內爾(Sean Parnell)星期一(10月5日)表示,國防部長已提出建議,而特朗普已批准。

BBC已聯絡白宮,詢問特朗普是否支持直播公開處決。

去年全球17個國家共執行超過2700次處決,但只有兩個國家公開執行處決。

根據國際特赦組織(Amnesty International)資料,伊朗於2025年已知共執行11次公開處決,阿富汗則有六次。

美國陸軍部長星期二(6日)表示,處決定於12月3日在得州胡德堡舉行。這將是自第二次世界大戰結束以來首次以行刑隊方式執行的軍事處決。

來自弗吉尼亞州(Virginia;維珍尼亞州)的美國陸軍精神科醫生哈桑承認,他就是這宗美國軍事基地史上最致命非戰鬥襲擊事件中的槍手。

2009年11月5日的槍擊案發生在一座擠滿人的醫療大樓內,當時即將部署的士兵正在等待體檢及接種疫苗。

哈桑在法庭上曾就「任何錯誤」道歉。他在2013年的軍事法庭審訊中表示,自己相信是在保護穆斯林及阿富汗的塔利班。

根據軍法,執行軍事處決須獲美國總統批准。此外還須經過上訴覆核程序,即由上級法院審查裁決,並就其合法性作出最終判決後方可執行。

米爾斯表示,哈桑的上訴程序尚未結束,他很可能會向聯邦法院尋求覆核其定罪和刑罰,而這很可能會暫緩執行處決。

因此,米爾斯表示,如果處決真的進行,他會感到意外。

他補充說:「試圖把它變成直播的行刑隊處決,無非是特朗普政府博取關注之舉,而且不太可能真的發生,更遑論帶來任何近似司法公義的結果。」

耶魯大學法學院(Yale Law School)客座講師尤金·R·菲德爾(Eugene R Fidell)告訴BBC,這是一項「非常不幸的決定」。

他說:「直播處決簡直像是回到中世紀。作為一個社會,我們本應早已超越這種做法,至少今天之前我是這麼認為的。」

菲德爾表示,如果哈桑採取法律行動,「相關程序將持續多年」,而且「遠遠超過特朗普在白宮的任期」。

部分州份要求以某種形式公開觀看處決。許多州要求記者在場,而即將被處決的人亦可邀請他人出席。另一些州則允許普通民眾自願成為見證人。

但研究美國處決方式的紐約福坦莫大學(Fordham University;福德姆大學)法律教授黛博拉·丹諾(Prof Deborah Denno)指出:「(美國)從來沒有直播過處決。」

她表示,直播處決將「帶來一種我們國家可能前所未見的透明度」。

她說:「全國超過一半民眾支持死刑,儘管這個比例正在下降。可以提出一個論點:『如果你支持死刑,那麼我們就讓你看看這個國家如何執行死刑。』人們將不得不真正意識到究竟發生了什麼,而不是像很多人那樣選擇忽視。」

丹諾表示,直播還涉及重要考量,例如是否設有年齡限制,以及是否違反承載直播的平台政策。

目前尚不清楚直播將在哪裡提供。大多數主要社交媒體平台均有規定,禁止或限制直播露骨內容。

Meta、YouTube、TikTok和X等最知名且使用最廣泛、具備直播功能的網絡平台,不僅禁止暴力圖片和影片,也禁止展示死亡內容。

Instagram、Facebook及Threads母公司Meta明確禁止任何死刑執行直播。

TikTok亦有類似的全面禁令。其政策寫道:「我們不允許極度血腥、暴力或令人不安的內容,特別是可能對觀眾造成情緒困擾的內容。」

X平台在埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)接管後已放寬內容審核政策。其政策指出,展示人物死亡時刻的內容,如接獲死者家屬或授權代表要求,將被移除。

BBC已聯絡上述公司尋求回應。

特朗普擁有的社交媒體平台「真相社交」(TRUTH Social)目前並不提供用戶直播影片功能。

國際特赦組織資料顯示,去年執行處決次數最多的國家依次為中國、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、也門及美國。

雖然特朗普從未公開主張公開處決,但他長期支持死刑。例如1989年,他曾在《紐約時報》(The New York Times)刊登大幅廣告,要求處決被稱為「中央公園五人組」(Central Park Five)的人士。這些人當時被裁定強姦及襲擊罪成,但後來獲平反。

去年1月重返白宮後,特朗普迅速推翻前任總統喬·拜登(Joe Biden)對聯邦處決的暫停令,並簽署行政命令,旨在「恢復」死刑及「保障公共安全」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 哈桑的法律团队将向联邦法院提交上诉,试图暂停处决执行

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 主要社交媒体平台(如Meta、YouTube、TikTok)将禁止或移除处决直播内容

    Very likely · Within days

  • 特朗普政府将在面临法律挑战后维持处决决定,但可能推迟直播计划

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 直播将在哪个平台进行?
  • 哈桑是否会提出最后诉求或尝试联系特朗普?
  • 哈桑的上诉是否会成功延迟处决?
  • 社交媒体平台是否会允许此类内容直播?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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