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Back德国企业去风险困境与北京拆除围栏举措
德国企业去风险困境与北京拆除围栏举措
World
德国之声1 hour agoWorld5 min readChinaView translation

德国企业去风险困境与北京拆除围栏举措

德国企业对华投资不减反增,印度市场替代受阻;北京启动“无围栏公园”倡议以提升民众满意度。

Quick Look

德国政府呼吁企业减少对华依赖并多元化投资,但上半年德企对华投资仍增长三分之一。同时,德国企业对印度市场持谨慎态度。另一方面,北京政府正大规模拆除城市围栏,旨在通过建设“无界公园”提升市民满意度。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国政府近年来持续推动经济去风险,鼓励企业减少对单一市场的依赖。北京则通过拆除围栏改善城市公共空间。

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(德国之声中文网)过去三年以来,德国政府一直在呼吁德国企业减少对中国的依赖,并加强对印度等其他亚洲国家的投资。但迄今为止,去风险和多元化的努力都收效甚微。《法兰克福汇报》题为《在亚洲,为何看不到任何去风险的迹象》的评论写道:

“企业界并没有听从政府的呼吁。今年上半年,德国对华投资比去年同期增加了三分之一。同一时期,德国企业的在华销量在不断下滑,而中国企业的在德盈利则在迅速增加。在柏林经济日活动上,德国外长瓦德富尔对企业高管们发出警告说:德中关系正在日益失去平衡,但却完全看不到任何‘坚决去风险’的举动。

德国外长的不满是完全可以理解的。俄乌战争爆发之后,保障经济安全一直是联盟党的核心关切。基民盟政治家斯潘甚至在其议会党团内提出,以人口2.8亿的印度尼西亚及其他东南亚国家来替代中国。他的逻辑是,哪里人口多、经济增长快,哪里就肯定有钱赚。

但是,有钱赚并不意味着德国企业能赚到钱。十月底,德国总理默茨出席亚太会议时将会在东南亚短暂逗留,这里也是全球最具经济活力的区域之一,但德国核心工业领域在此却几乎没有任何影响力。东南亚十国中,大众车都未能进入畅销车前十名。只有在富裕的新加坡和较小的马来西亚,奔驰和宝马才能算得上日本和中国车的竞争对手。博世和采埃孚等零部件供应商在当地的处境要好一些,至少在传统内燃机汽车技术方面如此。电池制造则牢牢掌握在亚洲企业手中。 只有在一些小型的细分市场,德国高科技产品还拥有一席之地,但份额也在不断下降。”

《法兰克福汇报》评论写道,尽管对德国经济进行“多元化、去风险”布局实属必要,但现实中却困难重重。

“从规模和增长速度来看,印度是唯一一个能够取代中国的市场。但很多德国企业仍表示,五年之后才会考虑去印度投资的事宜。要知道,印度现在就很需要德国技术以实现快速崛起。受中印关系紧张的影响,印度对引进中国技术有着诸多限制。而印欧自由贸易协定近期内就会交付表决。

对于德国的第22大贸易伙伴印度,德国人总能罗列出一长串的不足之处:官僚主义、腐败、基础设施落后以及卫生条件糟糕等等,不一而足。德国企业非但没有因为同印度的‘共同价值观’而欢呼雀跃,反而是对这里阻碍进步的种姓制度、民族主义以及增长迟缓的人均收入满腹牢骚:印度人太穷,还买不起德国产品。说到底,印度毕竟不是中国。”

拆除围栏 - 幸福的开始

对于北京市近年来大规模拆除围栏、建设无界公园的举措,《明镜周刊》驻华记者写道:

“2020年时,北京的街道围栏总长为2500公里,长度相当于长城的八分之一。建造围栏和围墙历来都是中国人的强项,也是一宗重要的出口产品:全球很大一部分铁丝围栏都来自北京附近的安平。在政府看来,大量的围栏使北京2100万居民的交通出行变得更加安全和合理。围栏既能减少交通事故,也可以遮挡那些不想让北京市民看到的东西。修建围栏是中国的悠久传统。帝王时代的北京城就是一个四面被封闭的城市。城墙四面设有城门,到了夜间,居民就被禁止进出。

1949年,共产党掌权之后,城墙全被拆除。但不久之后,他们又开始设置新的屏障。天安门广场是我见到围栏最多的地方。1989年,政府曾在这里镇压过一场大规模抗议活动。这里的围栏层层排列,时而四层,时而五层。

现如今,当权者终于意识到,是时候采取措施制止围栏泛滥了。过去几年来,公园内外以及草坪四周的围栏正在被逐渐拆除。仅海淀区,就已清除了380公里长的围栏,这相当于从柏林到纽伦堡的距离。政府发起了‘无围栏公园’倡议,据说此举旨在提升民众的满意度。是的,幸福始于围墙之外。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 印欧自由贸易协定近期将交付表决。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 德国企业未来是否会实质性增加对印度的投资?
  • 北京拆除围栏的举措是否会扩展至全国范围?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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