
亚洲协会报告探讨习近平权力边界,中参馆评论新疆人权与全球代价
中共二十届五中全会将于10月26日在北京召开,亚洲协会报告分析习近平权力巩固及接班困境。同时,中参馆文章指出新疆被作为“牺牲区”进行资源开采,其人权与环境代价正对全球产生深远影响。
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中共二十届五中全会将于2026年10月下旬召开,涉及人事调整与未来规划。新疆地区自2017年后因大规模拘押问题受到国际社会关注。
(德国之声中文网)中共二十届五中全会将于10月26日至29日在北京召开,亚洲协会政策研究所中国分析中心本周发表尼尔·托马斯(Neil Thomas)等人的前瞻报告《习近平控制力的边界:中共五中全会该看什么》。文章说,习近平有时听上去像个列宁主义版的洛根·罗伊——美剧《继承之战》里那位专横的家长,他掌管庞大的企业、行使不容置疑的权威,却始终对本该执行他意志的人感到失望。
文章统计,去年全会出席者占原班底的83.8%,已是后毛泽东时代最低;今年预计291人出席,占原有376人的77.4%。其中20名正式委员与8名候补被开除,15名正式委员与6名候补在接受调查,另有多人失踪。军方尤为触目:2022年当选正式中央委员的44名军官中,只有张升民与董军既未被清洗也未失踪。
作者指出,因"形式主义""官僚主义"受处分的官员从2023年的约4.6万人升至2025年的11.8万人,2026年前八个月再高出16%。习近平的考核改革让一些被忽视的职责难以再被忽视,却也可能奖励"看上去在服从"的表演。
托马斯认为,"五中全会实际上开启了二十一大的倒计时",公报应会宣布在2027年下半年召开党代会的计划,按近年惯例,10月是最可能的月份。作者同时判断:"习近平在政治上仍占据支配地位,很可能赢得第四个任期。他掌握着高层任命权,以及胁迫、劝服与监控的机器,使其他领导人几乎没有抗拒的空间。他让官员好好干活时遇到的困难,并不意味着有谁即将取代他的位置。"
至于接班,作者认为可能性不大:推迟选择可以保住眼下的权威,却可能让政策失去有力的守护者;册立接班人则会赋予一名下属不断增长、他无法完全预料的权力。党史也给不了安慰——毛泽东去世前几个月才定下华国锋,邓小平随即把华搁置一旁并拆解了毛的许多方案;邓更成功地保全了自己的议程,但他拥有习近平所没有的革命权威,也活得够久,足以在选定的接班人令他失望时出手干预。
文章结尾说,"洛根·罗伊对那些想继位者的不信任帮他守住了掌门之位,却让他的帝国在他离场时毫无准备。习近平面临同样的两难。把权力集中于自己一身,使他更难培养出一个有能力继承它的人。"
中参馆(ChinaFile)本周刊出沙姆塞丁(Zubayra Shamseden)与欧文(Peter Irwin)的评论《无视新疆的全球代价》。文章说,2017年后大规模任意拘押的证据传出时,公民社会动员、多国议会通过种族灭绝决议、联合国启动调查;到2026年这股力量已大体消散——曾经直言不讳的政府如今很少开口甚至完全沉默,西方公司则在很大程度上不受约束地继续向该地区扩张。人权组织估算,在押的维吾尔人及其他突厥语族群在40万至50万之间;文章指出,"若该地区是一个国家,它将拥有世界最高的监禁率。"
作者认为,"通过把资源开采与核试验能力集中于一地,中共把新疆变成了一种'牺牲区'——这里的人与土地吸收环境、劳动与健康的代价,而经济收益流向中国别处的工业与城市中心。"
作者说,牺牲区并不罕见,阿巴拉契亚的煤区与马绍尔群岛都是先例,但那些社区能够反击,草根运动甚至促成了核试验的事实暂停;而在新疆,这种可能性已被封死——煤化工所需的土地、水和劳动力可以在无人反对的情况下被征用,太阳能供应链中的强迫劳动得以延续,是因为工人"无法组织、无法拒绝工作安排、也无法向外部调查者开口"。文章的结论是:缺乏问责的开采与剥削,其代价自有办法扩散,排放、被污染的供应链与核克制的瓦解,"都不会尊重国界"。
作者认为,"把目光从维吾尔危机上移开,对所有人都是有代价的。如果我们接受'牺牲区'的逻辑,认为某些人可以被永久视为可牺牲的,就会大大削弱全球问责与团结所赖以存在的根基。而随着新疆越来越深地嵌入塑造气候结果、供应链与核风险的体系,维吾尔人已经付出的无从计算的代价,也将越来越多地落到我们其余人头上。"
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
五中全会将宣布2027年下半年召开二十一大。
Likely · Within months

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