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Back像海綿從空氣「抓水」 諾貝爾獎得主亞基台大談新材料抗旱減碳
像海綿從空氣「抓水」 諾貝爾獎得主亞基台大談新材料抗旱減碳
Science
自由时报yesterdayScience2 min readChinaView translation

像海綿從空氣「抓水」 諾貝爾獎得主亞基台大談新材料抗旱減碳

Quick Look

2025年諾貝爾化學獎得主亞基在台大演講,介紹金屬有機骨架與共價有機骨架等新材料,能吸附空氣中水氣或二氧化碳,透過加熱釋出水分供收集,為抗旱與減緩氣候變遷提供新方向,並強調人工智慧在材料探索中的作用,以及人類需判斷重要問題與研究方向的「選擇科學」思維。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

面對氣候變遷與乾旱缺水問題,科學家探索從空氣中取水與捕捉二氧化碳的新材料技術,以應對全球環境挑戰。

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面對氣候變遷與乾旱缺水,能不能向空氣「取水」?2025年諾貝爾化學獎得主亞基(Omar M. Yaghi)昨天在台大演講,介紹一類內部有許多微小孔隙的新材料,能吸附空氣中的水氣,再透過加熱釋出水分,供後續收集,為抗旱提供新方向。科學家也能設計吸附二氧化碳的材料,探索減碳、減緩氣候變遷的新方法。

亞基受邀參加台大「宋恭源頂尖研究講座諾貝爾獎得主演講系列」,分享新材料與人工智慧如何協助人類面對缺水、氣候變遷等問題。他也以台積電為例,肯定台灣半導體產業對精準與品質的重視,認為這種思考方式值得其他領域借鏡。

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AI則能幫忙探索更多材料組合。亞基表示,隨著AI、電腦計算與自動化實驗進步,科學家可以研究的選項越來�多,但仍須由人判斷哪些問題重要、哪些方向值得投入。他將這種提出問題、比較可能性並做出選擇的研究思維,稱為「選擇科學」,鼓勵學生善用AI並跨領域合作。

這些新材料有什麼特別?可以把它們想像成內部布滿小孔的「海綿」,但孔隙小到分子尺度。科學家能改變孔隙的結構與化學特性,讓不同材料分別適合吸附水氣、二氧化碳等分子。

亞基介紹的材料,包括金屬有機骨架(MOFs)與共價有機骨架(COFs)。研究重點是從原子、分子的排列方式著手,設計出具有所需功能的材料,應用於儲存氣體、捕捉二氧化碳或收集水分。

以收集水分為例,MOFs先吸附空氣中的水氣,再利用熱能讓水分釋出、供後續收集,為乾旱及水資源不足地區提供新的研究方向。

減碳方面,多孔材料則有望用來捕捉工業排放的二氧化碳,或直接從空氣中移除二氧化碳。不過,能在實驗室吸附成功,還要進一步確認材料是否耐用、能否反覆使用、耗費多少能源,以及能不能大量生產,才能走向實際應用。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來數年內,多孔材料將在水資源匱乏地區進行試點應用

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 新材料的耐用性與重複使用次數是多少?
  • 大規模生產所需的能源消耗與成本是否可行?
  • 該技術在不同氣候條件下的實際效能如何?

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