
中油與台塑維持每公斤1.8元的桶裝瓦斯價差超過一年,導致分裝業者大量轉向中油,使中油市佔率飆升至9成以上,台塑則跌至1成以下。下游瓦斯行因貨源不足或成本上升被迫調整售價,未達政府凍漲平抑物價目標。彰化、雲林等中部地區受衝擊最大,分裝廠夾在上下游間承受壓力,只能靠人情關係調貨降低成本。
AI-generated summary
國內桶裝瓦斯長期凍漲,中油長期賣一桶虧一桶,台塑拒絕繼續虧損,雙方維持每公斤1.8元的價差。
中油、台塑桶裝瓦斯價差,讓市場版圖大洗牌。(資料照)
〔記者林菁樺/台北報導〕國內桶裝瓦斯長期凍漲,中油已賣一桶、虧一桶,台塑拒絕再賠,與中油維持每公斤1.8元價差,中油與台塑市佔率大洗牌,中部台塑體系的中下游苦不堪言,批市場「雞飛狗跳」,台塑要以價逼量降低虧損,中油則不願放到最大量,且長期價差引發部分下游以「買不到」為由而上調售價,並沒有達到政府想要平抑物價政策效果。
國內桶裝瓦斯亂象叢生,因原本有中油與台塑兩大龍頭,台塑不堪在桶裝瓦斯上繼續虧,和中油目前維持約每公斤1.8元的價差,導致分裝行、瓦斯行需求大量轉向中油。瓦斯公會全國聯合會理事長賴芳泉解釋,簽約是總經銷與台塑、中油之間的契約,一般分裝廠與更下游瓦斯行,沒有全部受到契約約束,現在市場上可以說是「雞飛狗跳、各奔東西」。
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他以加油站來比喻,假設台塑系統和中油系統的價格差了每公升1.8元,消費者還會想去台塑系統加油嗎?桶裝瓦斯也是一樣的道理,價差就是導致目前中油市佔率飆到9成以上、台塑則是直直落,市占率不到1成的關鍵。
桶裝瓦斯上到下游第一層供氣商、第二層經銷商與第三層分裝廠再到最後的瓦斯行。以每公斤價差1.8元估算,分裝行每月約要調貨1000噸,成本就相差180萬元;而一家瓦斯行平均一個月銷售量大約16至20噸,每公斤差1.8元,一個月就會多出約3萬元至3.6萬元的成本,對小型瓦斯行已不是小數目。
賴芳泉解釋,分裝廠不能把所有成本都轉嫁給下游,即使台塑成本比較高,也只能硬著頭皮買,因為下游瓦斯行都是互相競爭,如果分裝廠把價格調高,客戶就可能全部跑到中油系統,生意會做不下去。他說,分裝廠夾在中間,既要面對上游供應及價格問題,也要顧及下游瓦斯行的經營,壓力非常大,現在多由分裝廠自己吞下價差,想辦法維持整個供應體系。
因台塑、中油兩家業者維持價差已超過一年,桶裝瓦斯價差沒上升到全國議題,主要是北部、南部都還是中油體系,賴芳泉直言,彰化、雲林一帶過去不少業者都是台塑系統,現在受到價差影響,經營上是中部地區受影響較大。賴芳泉的分裝廠就位於彰化,他坦言,只能盡量靠人情、拜託業界朋友幫忙調貨,想辦法降低成本。
根據經濟部能源署公布的全國家用桶裝瓦斯均價,從今年中東戰爭後,20公斤裝瓦斯三月起均價為758元也一路上升至767元。為何上游價格未調漲,下游零售價卻不斷往上?他解釋,市場上確實也有部分的下游業者會以買不到瓦斯為理由,表示台塑那邊沒有貨,自己的進貨受到影響,所以必須調整價格,因此中油上游價格即使沒有調漲,但供應量不足、調貨成本增加,也可能讓中下游業者面臨漲價壓力,無法達到政府凍漲桶裝瓦斯希望平抑民生物價的效果。
他認為,桶裝瓦斯結構問題,還是必須趕快處理,不能只看上游有沒有漲價,要看市場實際上能不能取得足夠的瓦斯,如果供應問題沒有解決,成本還是會往下游傳遞。
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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
中油市佔率將繼續維持在高位,除非台塑調整價格策略或政府介入補貼
Likely · Within months
下游瓦斯行可能繼續以貨源不足為由調整售價上漲
Possible · Within weeks
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