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Back氣象署推動鄉鎮預報2.0 結合AI與人工判斷提升劇烈天氣預警
氣象署推動鄉鎮預報2.0 結合AI與人工判斷提升劇烈天氣預警
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自由时报yesterdayScience2 min readChinaView translation

氣象署推動鄉鎮預報2.0 結合AI與人工判斷提升劇烈天氣預警

Quick Look

中央氣象署預報中心颱風及劇烈天氣預報科正葉世瑄表示,氣象署已啟動鄉鎮預報2.0服務,將發展鄉鎮尺度災害性天氣預警並強化雷暴、冰雹等劇烈天氣即時預警。預報員需結合全球、區域、系集及AI模式進行人工判斷,未來亦將提供市區積淹水、道路封閉等影響資訊,協助防災決策。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中央氣象署正推動鄉鎮預報2.0服務,結合全球、區域、系集及AI模式進行天氣預報,預報員需透過人工判斷調整官方預報,未來將發展鄉鎮尺度災害性天氣預警並強化雷暴、冰雹等劇烈天氣即時預警。

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午後雷陣雨說來就來,究竟會下在哪裡、下多少、下多久,是最難預測的天氣之一。一張中央氣象署官方雨量預報圖,背後並非一個電腦模式算出答案,而是預報員得從大量全球、區域、系集及AI模式中研判取捨。氣象署預報中心颱風及劇烈天氣預報科技正葉世瑄表示,氣象署已啟動「鄉鎮預報2.0」服務,後續將逐步發展鄉鎮尺度災害性天氣預警,並強化雷暴、冰雹、強陣風、龍捲風及颮線等劇烈天氣即時預警。

氣象署辦理氣象實務研習班,葉世瑄表示,目前6小時及12小時定量降水預報可看到未來48小時,大規模劇烈豪雨期間,3小時定量降水即時預報則可看到未來12小時。

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民眾常聽到歐洲、美國模式,主要屬全球預報系統,解析度約10至20公里,優勢是能掌握未來一週甚至更長時間的天氣趨勢,但要精確預測雨下在哪裡、下多少,仍須仰賴1至3公里解析度的區域模式及2至3公里解析度的系集預報。

AI也不是萬能。葉世瑄表示,AI模式可用較少運算資源快速預報較長時間,但目前解析度約25公里,雨量預測較為平滑,可以參考雨區形狀及趨勢,精細雨量仍需高解析度模式協助。

預報員也不只看最新一次模式結果,而會比較同一模式從舊到新的變化,以及不同模式間的差異,再人工調整官方預報。葉世瑄直言,這就是預報員存在的價值,「不是只看資料,資料怎麼做就發了」,仍要經過人為判斷。

颱風路徑的不確定性尤其會直接影響雨量預報。葉世瑄說,大氣具有混沌特性,初始條件些微不同,數天後結果就可能大幅分歧,因此透過系集預報產生多種可能情境,協助預報員掌握風險。

愈接近降雨發生,雷達愈重要。氣象署以雷達掌握當下雨勢,並利用大量雷達及模式資料加強未來數小時短延時強降雨預報;未來並規劃建置金馬雷達、拓展雷達監測範圍,提升雲霧早期監測能力。

預報也將從「天氣會怎樣」進一步走向「天氣會造成什麼影響」。葉世瑄表示,例如與其只告知日雨量可能達200毫米,未來希望進一步提供市區是否可能積淹水、道路是否可能封閉等風險資訊,讓民眾及防災單位更容易決定下一步該怎麼做。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 氣象署將逐步發展鄉鎮尺度災害性天氣預警

    Very likely · Within months

  • 氣象署將規劃建置金馬雷達並拓展雷達監測範圍

    Likely · Within months

  • 未來天氣預報將提供市區積淹水、道路封閉等影響資訊

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 鄉鎮預報2.0的完整實施時間表是什麼?
  • 金馬雷達建置的具體進度與預期完成時間為何?
  • 影響預報將如何具體呈現市區積淹水與道路封閉風險?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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