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Back住宅楼起火如何正确逃生?2个避险误区要警惕
住宅楼起火如何正确逃生?2个避险误区要警惕
NEWS
中国新闻网15 minutes agoCrime5 min readChinaView translation

住宅楼起火如何正确逃生?2个避险误区要警惕

盲目从众向下疏散致5名楼上住户遇难,消防专家提醒:火场逃生拼的不是跑得快,而是选对方式和路线

Quick Look

2026年4月25日凌晨,四川成都永福公寓电动自行车短路起火造成5人死亡、2人受伤,直接经济损失734.68万元。消防专家指出,楼下起火时楼上住户盲目向下疏散极其危险,应关门堵缝固守待援,避免盲目逃生误区。

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Why It Matters

2026年前9个月全国共接报火灾63.6万起,1412人遇难。其中居民住宅火灾21.8万起,占总数三成多;住宅火灾死亡1003人,占全部火灾死亡人数的71%。

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居民住宅楼起火如何逃生?许多人认为应该往楼下跑,跑到室外才安全,真是这样的吗?

电动自行车短路

盲目逃生致人员遇难

2026年4月25日0时31分许,四川成都永福公寓居民小区3栋2单元走道电动自行车发生火灾。火灾最终造成5人死亡、2人受伤,火灾直接经济损失734.68万元,过火面积约12平方米。

江苏省消防救援局火调专家崔蔚:这次火灾事故直接原因是住户停放的电动自行车电气线路短路起火,继而引燃周边电动自行车等可燃物,蔓延成灾。

火灾现场目击者 梁先生:晚上回家,看到小区楼下有电瓶车在着火,就打了报警电话告知消防,按了电瓶车喇叭,告诉其他人赶紧下来。

正是梁先生按的电瓶车喇叭鸣响,让居民楼内熟睡的人们惊醒,有的居民在慌乱中开始向楼下跑,于是不少人紧随其后,沿着平时走的楼梯向楼下逃生。

崔蔚:发现火情千万不要慌乱,首先要快速了解一下哪里着火了。如果是家里起火,还能跑出去的话,那要立即向门外逃生,如果是楼下着火了,那楼上的住户,向下疏散就不一定安全。盲目从众往下跑,楼道里已经被烟火封住,那就非常危险。

逃生误区:

发现火情马上跑出大楼就安全

不少人认为,楼下起火,楼上的住户沿着楼梯往下疏散不就安全了吗?这是一个很大的误区。楼梯井就像一根烟囱,一楼电动车起火,毒烟会顺着楼梯快速向上灌。

崔蔚:我们调查发现,楼下电动车起火后,大量烟气从门厅顺着楼梯的烟囱效应向上蔓延,住户的门关好的话,那家里基本没有烟熏,这时候家里面是相对安全的,而楼梯里已经布满浓烟是比较危险的。这种情况下楼上的住户,优先选择关门、堵缝,待在一个烟气无法进入的房间固守待援。如果开门向下逃生,反而增加了风险。

在这起火灾中,遇难的人员是分别住在11楼、6楼和3楼的5名楼上住户,而且全部都是跑到1楼后遇难的,起火的1楼,住户反倒安然无恙。很多人可能想不明白,这是为什么?

崔蔚:这时候楼上的烟气相对较小,这5个人从楼上向下疏散过程中,实际上是直奔浓烟烈火而去,越往下走有毒烟气就越浓,最终吸入大量有毒烟气窒息死亡。在单元式住宅楼里,楼下起火切记不要急着向楼下疏散,因为火场逃生拼的不是看谁跑得快,而是要选对逃生方式和逃生路线,盲目向下跑或者盲目往上跑,都可能落入了有毒浓烟包围之中。

逃生误区:

火场逃生 朝着有光亮的地方跑

消防专家告诉记者,在紧急危险情况下,人具有趋光心里,总是向着有光、明亮的方向逃生。但是在火场中,很多情况下电路很可能已经跳闸断电,你看到的亮光,很可能就是火光。

崔蔚:家里着火如果还能跑出去的话,要立即向外逃生疏散并关闭房门,防止烟火向外蔓延。同时,要拨打119报警,迅速找就近的安全出口进行逃生。如果离楼顶近,条件允许可迅速跑到楼顶平台进行避险。如果离楼下近,那就往楼下逃生自救,逃出火场就不要再返回取物,应当积极向消防员提供火场信息和人员被困的情况。如果跑不出去就要找一个安全地方,比如带阳台的房间,关好房门防止烟气的侵入,固守待援。

浓烟封门 躲火避烟固守待援

同样身处火场,有人靠着冷静自救,平安等到救援。事发当时,一楼的罗女士正准备休息,突然听到一阵噼噼啪啪的爆炸声。

情急之下,罗女士并没有选择贸然开门向外逃生,而是赶紧跑向卧室进行逃生避险。

面对浓烟烈火,罗女士并没有慌张,而是紧闭房门,固守待援,最终安全获救。

超七成火灾遇难者集中于住宅

记者梳理今年前9个月全国火灾情况:一共接报火灾63.6万起,1412人在火灾中遇难。其中居民住宅火灾21.8万起,占到总数三成多;住宅火灾死亡1003人,占到全部火灾死亡人数的71%。

崔蔚:我们要以躲火避烟为原则。首先要判断一下火从哪里来,烟从哪里来,周围环境怎么样,再决定是跑还是固守待援。千万不要盲目往外跑,不要跳楼,不要坐电梯,不要贪恋财物返回。平时,最好在家中安装有火灾预警功能的独立式烟感报警器,配备简易灭火器材、防烟面罩、多功能手电等应急逃生装备。定期检查一下这些应急装备是否完好有效,要放在好记好拿的地方,真正做到有备无患。

Open Questions

  • 遇难5人的具体身份和年龄
  • 火灾具体起因的详细调查结论
  • 受伤2人的伤势情况和当前状态

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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