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Back經濟亮眼卻爆高通膨!美選變天 專家直指川普「2大政策」成致命傷
經濟亮眼卻爆高通膨!美選變天 專家直指川普「2大政策」成致命傷
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自由时报1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

經濟亮眼卻爆高通膨!美選變天 專家直指川普「2大政策」成致命傷

選民對經濟悲觀、生活成本飆升,川普經濟政策遭選票反撲

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2026年11月美國期中選舉中,共和黨因高通膨、生活成本飆漲及伊朗戰爭引發的油價危機而遭遇重挫。儘管總體經濟數據強健,但選民對川普政府的經濟與關稅政策極度不滿。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

2024年美國選民因經濟問題將川普與共和黨送入白宮,但在2026年11月期中選舉中遭遇重挫。

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2024年美國選民因經濟問題將川普與共和黨送入白宮,然而到了2026年11月,選民對經濟的感受卻比2年前更為悲觀。儘管美國整體經濟表現不俗,但再度復甦的高通膨與生活成本飆漲,成為共和黨在3日期中選舉遭遇重挫的主因。

美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)報導,表面上,美國經濟體質強健:失業率極低,已達經濟學家眼中的「充分就業」(full employment);支撐美國經濟基礎的消費者支出具備韌性,而且人工智慧(AI)革命正帶動現代美國史上最大規模的支出熱潮。

然而,選民卻將財務焦慮直接歸咎於川普的標誌性政策,包括關稅、寬鬆的AI監管、嚴格的移民限制,尤其是延燒中的伊朗戰爭。海軍聯邦信貸聯盟(Navy Federal Credit Union)首席經濟學家朗恩(Heather Long)直言:「若非伊朗爆發戰爭,這次期中選舉的結果將截然不同。」

伊朗戰火成為改變選情的關鍵分水嶺。戰爭導致油價創下4年新高,柴油價格打破歷史紀錄,全美汽油價格更在選舉日當天達到史上最高點。據布朗大學(Brown University)研究,自開戰以來,高昂的油價已讓美國一般家庭的開銷大增1150美元,不僅推升債券殖利率,更讓房貸利率以3年來最快速度飆升,使得平均實質薪資在川普重返白宮後呈現縮水。

除了油價,選民也將生活成本飆升的矛頭,指向川普與共和黨的其他政策:

健保費飆升:由於共和黨未延長平價醫療法案(ACA)的加碼補貼,今年「歐巴馬健保」(Obamacare)每月保費平均暴漲58%。

AI帶動電價上漲:川普大力支持AI無限制發展,導致用電成本在其第二任期跳漲8.7%。

維修與建商成本大增:嚴格的移民政策與關稅,使汽車維修成本飆升12.3%、房屋建造成本增加13.3%。

關稅轉嫁全民:據美國「租稅基金會」(Tax Foundation)估計,川普的關稅政策今年讓每個家庭平均多出820美元的稅負。

這與川普第一任期內薪資成長遠超通膨的榮景形成強烈對比。根據CNN今年10月進行的民調,川普在經濟處理上的淨支持率,已崩跌至負46個百分點,甚至低於前總統拜登退選前夕的負31個百分點。

芝加哥大學經濟學家德拉夫(Steven Durlauf)表示,即使假設前朝政府搞砸經濟,也無法為川普開脫;通膨被嚴重管理不當,選民必然會將責任歸咎於現任政府的政策。在這種「K型經濟」(K-shaped economy)下,持有股票與房產的富裕階層不受影響,但底層勞工卻淪為月光族,中產階級夢想日益遙遠,成為選民以選票反撲的核心動力。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將面臨調整關稅與移民政策的巨大壓力

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 共和黨將如何調整後續的經濟與外交政策?
  • 伊朗戰爭將持續多久並對全球能源市場造成何種長期影響?

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