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Back涉案超20亿元!特大养老集资诈骗案经抗诉改判
涉案超20亿元!特大养老集资诈骗案经抗诉改判
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中国新闻网3 hours agoLaw13 min readChinaView translation

涉案超20亿元!特大养老集资诈骗案经抗诉改判

涉案金额20亿余元,检察机关抗诉后二审法院以集资诈骗罪改判,否定一审自首认定

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郑州养老集资诈骗案二审改判,郭某以集资诈骗罪获刑十五年,并处罚金100万元,不构成自首。案件涉及20亿余元,一审法院曾以非法吸收公众存款罪判处其九年十个月并认定自首,检察机关抗诉后二审法院全面采纳抗诉意见。

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Why It Matters

郭某于2013年2月在郑州市金水区注册成立养老文化事业发展基金会,担任秘书长,在河南省多地设立20余家区县级分支机构。该基金会租用政府机关闲置办公用房,对外宣称资金为公益资金,声称年利率5%至6%,重点针对老年群体。2015年10月资金链断裂,累计吸收公众资金17.17亿余元,未兑付6.54亿余元,被骗群众达1.6万余人。随后郭某推出“养老院预付费优惠项目”,继续非法吸收公众资金3.63亿余元,未兑付2.08亿元。

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本报全媒体记者 刘立新 通讯员 史小帅 韦改 朱梦轩

◆为募集资金,郭某注册成立养老基金会,通过租用政府闲置用房等方式,营造出有政府背书和公益性质的假象,非法吸收公众资金17亿余元,后资金链断裂难以兑付本息。

◆养老基金会“爆雷”后,郭某安排人在偏远区县继续吸收公众资金,并推出“养老院预付费优惠项目”,妄图“借新还旧”。他指使销售人员在公园等老年群体聚集场所发放宣传单、带人实地观看未建成的养老院,通过养老院项目非法吸收公众资金3亿余元。

◆罪行败露后,郭某指使他人烧毁账本、重装电脑、统一口径,再主动投案,妄图以“自首”获从轻处罚。

◆一审法院以非法吸收公众存款罪定罪并认定郭某自首。检察机关经审查认为,罪名与自首认定确有错误,依法提出抗诉。最终,二审法院改判,以集资诈骗罪判处郭某有期徒刑十五年,同时认定其不构成自首。

盯上老人想预存养老钱安度晚年的心理,连环布设陷阱:郭某先借养老基金会虚构公益性质圈钱,资金链“爆雷”后,又换壳推出“养老院预付费优惠项目”,继续以高息、入住折扣为诱饵,持续收割老年人养老积蓄;眼看罪行败露,他烧毁账本、统一口径,再主动投案妄图通过“自首”获从轻处罚。这起涉及20亿余元的养老集资案,一审法院以非法吸收公众存款罪定罪量刑。检察机关审查后认为,罪名、自首认定确有错误,依法提出抗诉。9月29日,二审法院采纳检察机关的抗诉意见,以集资诈骗罪判处郭某有期徒刑十五年,同时认定其不构成自首。

养老钱付诸东流

“想着养老安度晚年,少给孩子添麻烦,我和老伴拿出20万元交给养老集团,没想到竟是骗局。”回忆起8年前的经历,张阿姨心中仍是懊悔。

2018年10月,年近七旬的张阿姨和老伴在河南省郑州市人民公园晨练时,收到了一张某养老集团发放的宣传单。上面载明,该集团正在建设一家高标准养老院,一年后即可交付入住,支付预付费还可享受入住优惠——预存5万元至10万元,入住费用享9折优惠;预存10万元至20万元,享受8折优惠;预存20万元以上,享受7折优惠;在未入住期间,每年可按照交费金额的8%至12%拿利息。

当时,张阿姨大病初愈。住院期间,她深感拖累了独生女儿。出院后,老两口时常把“过两年就去住养老院”挂在嘴边,养老集团宣称的服务正好契合他们的需求。

实地参观后,老两口看到养老院规划规模宏大,建有8栋楼。工作人员介绍,养老院周边环境和硬件设施优质,医疗配套服务完善。张阿姨和老伴算了算,折扣后的收费比较合理,环境也不错,慢慢放下了戒备。参观后没几天,他们便与养老集团签下了20万元的养老服务合同,还把养老院项目推荐给了老同事。

可张阿姨哪里知道,这个看似稳妥的项目,其实是操控者郭某在上一轮集资骗局资金链断裂后,精心布设的新圈套。

连环骗局

2013年2月,为募集资金运营房地产和养老项目,郭某在郑州市金水区登记成立养老文化事业发展基金会(下称“养老基金会”),自己担任秘书长,招募员工组建融资团队,在河南省多地设立20余家区县级分支机构。

养老基金会刻意营造有政府背书的假象:租用政府机关闲置办公用房,对外宣称基金会资金皆为公益资金。养老基金会以支持老年文化产业为名,面向社会公众吸收资金,声称年利率5%至6%,老年群体是其重点目标。事实上,该养老基金会从未开展过任何公益业务,基金会法定代表人、管理人均为郭某安排的挂名人员。

集资参与人李先生回忆道:“2014年,我听朋友介绍,这个养老基金会存钱收益高、安全可靠,存1万元年利息有600元,我就陆续存了18万元。”那时,同期国有银行年存款利率多在3.25%,养老基金会承诺的年利率对比其他高息项目不算特别夸张,这就给人营造一种安全可靠的假象。

为逃避监管,郭某使用多个账户收取客户资金,而这些资金只有少数被投入他掌控的房地产项目、养老项目,大部分被用于兑付本息、支付员工薪酬,或是用于对外放贷。

然而,郭某运营的所有项目均效益低迷,兑付压力持续加剧,2015年10月,养老基金会资金链彻底断裂。经审计,两年多时间里,养老基金会累计吸收公众资金17.17亿余元,未兑付6.54亿余元,被骗群众达1.6万余人。“爆雷”之后,郭某还安排人在偏远区县的养老基金会办事处继续吸收公众资金。

不久后,郭某开辟了“新赛道”,依托其控制的养老集团,推出“养老院预付费优惠项目”。他让销售人员在公园、广场等老年人聚集区域发放宣传单,以“入住享折扣、不入住返息”为诱饵,非法吸收公众资金,用新吸纳的资金兑付养老基金会前期集资参与人的本息,直至资金链再次断裂。

经审计,2016年3月至2020年12月,养老集团吸收客户资金3.63亿余元,未兑付2.08亿元。其中,在养老集团资金链断裂后,郭某继续吸收公众资金1300余万元。

正是靠着养老院项目吸收的资金持续付息,郭某操控的骗局才迟迟没有“爆雷”。

如此“自首”

资金兑付不了,多名被害人陆续向河南省各地公安机关报案。2022年,各地公安机关陆续立案侦查。同年6月15日,郭某见事情败露,前往公安机关投案。侦查过程中,警方发现,郭某在投案前已指使他人烧毁财务资料、重装电脑系统,致使大量资金去向无法查清。同时,他还教唆财务人员统一口径,谎报“资金缺口仅有几千万元”“没有账本”,刻意隐瞒养老基金会集资的真实情况,还帮助财务人员屏蔽手机信号逃避侦查,指使其中一名财务人员单独揽下罪责。

该案涉案行为发生在河南多地,经郑州市检察院指定管辖,养老集团、郭某涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪一案,与养老基金会实际控制人郭某涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪一案并案办理,由郑州市金水区检察院审查起诉。

办案检察官穿透式审查涉案非法集资行为、资金流水、宣传单及审计报告,综合郭某及同案犯供述、证人证言、被害人陈述等各项证据,逐渐厘清了案件全貌。

经查,郭某系养老基金会实际控制人,其对外宣传的公益性质纯属虚构,目的是使集资参与人误认为养老基金会具有政府背书和公益性质。郭某先后以养老基金会、养老院项目的名义非法集资,资金如何使用均由郭某一人决定。审计报告显示,整个集资过程中,虽确有资金被用于房地产、养老项目,但郭某实际投入上述项目的资金仅2.43亿元。同时,郭某向集资参与人兑付本息主要是通过“借新还旧”,整个兑付链条完全依靠持续吸纳新资金维系。

金水区检察院经审查认为,养老集团、郭某以非法占有为目的,使用诈骗方法非法集资,数额巨大,犯罪事实清楚,证据确实充分,应以集资诈骗罪追究其刑事责任。2025年6月19日,该院依法向法院提起公诉。

今年4月27日,法院作出一审判决,认定郭某具有自首情节,其主动交代养老集团犯罪行为,代表了单位意志,属于单位自首,以非法吸收公众存款罪判处养老集团罚金100万元;判处郭某有期徒刑九年十个月,并处罚金50万元;责令养老集团、郭某退赔集资参与人损失;查封在案的土地、不动产、车辆,依法处置后返还集资参与人。一审法院宣判后,郭某不服判决,提出上诉。

抗诉!改判!

一审判决后,金水区检察院经全面审查认为,一审法院在罪名和自首认定上确有错误。该案核心争议焦点在于:被告单位、被告人是否采用诈骗方法非法集资,是否具有非法占有目的,自首情节能否成立。

办案检察官分析指出,同案犯供述与证人证言相互印证,足以认定养老基金会于2015年10月资金链就已断裂,不能兑付集资参与人本息。在罪名认定上,检察机关认为,郭某在养老基金会集资阶段即虚构公益性质、夸大项目信用,以推进老年文化产业、发展公益事业等名义吸引投资,又在资金链断裂后刻意隐瞒兑付危机,转而以养老院项目有优惠等为诱饵,继续向老年群体非法集资,用于偿还前期资金亏空,属于以隐瞒真相的诈骗方法进行非法集资。

对于是否具有非法占有目的,检察机关结合审计报告分析,郭某投入经营项目的资金与其集资规模严重不符,其长期依靠“借新还旧”滚动兑付,案发后,又销毁财务资料、重装电脑系统,致使数亿元资金不能确定用途和去向,应认定养老集团及郭某具有非法占有目的,其行为符合集资诈骗罪的构成要件。

“自首的成立,要求不法行为人主动投案后如实供述自己的罪行。”办案检察官进一步指出,“郭某投案前实施毁灭证据、串供等妨害侦查的行为,投案后不仅未供述全部非法集资事实,还对养老基金会非法集资17亿余元的实际情况避而不谈,对资金使用、销毁账目等情节予以掩饰和否认,不属于如实供述自己的主要罪行,不应认定为自首。”

今年5月8日,金水区检察院依法提出抗诉。

9月29日,经公开审理,二审法院全面采纳检察机关的抗诉意见,认定被告单位、被告人不构成自首,以集资诈骗罪判处养老集团罚金200万元;判处郭某有期徒刑十五年,并处罚金100万元;维持原审对退赔集资参与人损失,以及查封在案土地、不动产、车辆,依法处置后返还集资参与人的处置决定。

据悉,除郭某外,该案其他犯罪嫌疑人已被法院判处有期徒刑,各并处罚金。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 查封的土地、不动产、车辆将依法处置,所得款项用于返还集资参与人损失

    Likely · Within months

  • 其他犯罪嫌疑人的判决将陆续执行

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 查封的土地、不动产、车辆处置后能否足额返还集资参与人损失
  • 其他犯罪嫌疑人的具体判决结果和刑期
  • 被骗群众是否能获得全额赔偿

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