Breaking
TRNationwide bomb alert in BulgariaDEAfD candidate for state parliament president in Saxony-Anhalt before electionTRBomb alarm in Bulgaria: Action was taken upon notices in Sofia and other citiesUSYankees vs. Rays Game 2: 2026 ALDS Odds, Predictions, Betting AdviceCNThe 81k section of Route 20 in Nanhengtai is undergoing road paving construction and traffic control will be implemented tomorrow.UKJewish Greens chair Vivien Lichtenstein considers leaving party over anti-Zionism motionARNiger strengthens its nuclear cooperation with Russia and Ethiopia regains control of MekeleRUSaudi Arabia-led coalition deploys 100 fighter jets in YemenKROur military begins operations to remove North Korean mines in the demilitarized zone.UKUK Considers Tariffs on Chinese Car Imports to Align with EU Industrial PolicyTRNationwide bomb alert in BulgariaDEAfD candidate for state parliament president in Saxony-Anhalt before electionTRBomb alarm in Bulgaria: Action was taken upon notices in Sofia and other citiesUSYankees vs. Rays Game 2: 2026 ALDS Odds, Predictions, Betting AdviceCNThe 81k section of Route 20 in Nanhengtai is undergoing road paving construction and traffic control will be implemented tomorrow.UKJewish Greens chair Vivien Lichtenstein considers leaving party over anti-Zionism motionARNiger strengthens its nuclear cooperation with Russia and Ethiopia regains control of MekeleRUSaudi Arabia-led coalition deploys 100 fighter jets in YemenKROur military begins operations to remove North Korean mines in the demilitarized zone.UKUK Considers Tariffs on Chinese Car Imports to Align with EU Industrial Policy
Back2026諾貝爾生醫獎揭曉:代塞羅斯、黑格曼與納格爾共獲殊榮,開創「光遺傳學」新紀元
2026諾貝爾生醫獎揭曉:代塞羅斯、黑格曼與納格爾共獲殊榮,開創「光遺傳學」新紀元
Developing
自由时报1 hour agoScience3 min readChinaView translation

2026諾貝爾生醫獎揭曉:代塞羅斯、黑格曼與納格爾共獲殊榮,開創「光遺傳學」新紀元

3位科學家因從綠藻中發現光敏離子通道並開創「光遺傳學」獲獎,實現用光線在活體大腦中精準開關神經細胞的革命性突破。

Quick Look

2026年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎由代塞羅斯、黑格曼與納格爾3位科學家獲得,表彰其發現光敏離子通道並開創光遺傳學,實現用光線在活體大腦中精準開關神經細胞的突破。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

光遺傳學是一項結合光學與遺傳學的技術,讓研究人員能夠在活體大腦中精準控制神經細胞的活動。

Font size

諾貝爾獎官方公布發布本屆生理學或醫學獎3位得主,由左至右分別為代塞羅斯(Karl Deisseroth)、黑格曼(Peter Hegemann)與納格爾(Georg Nagel),表彰他們從綠藻中發現光敏離子通道並開創「光遺傳學」,實現用光線在活體大腦中精準開關神經細胞的革命性突破。(擷取自諾貝爾獎官方臉書/Niklas Elmehed繪)

池塘中不起眼的綠藻,竟然成了人類解開大腦奧秘的關鍵鑰匙!2026年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎5日正式揭曉,由美國史丹佛大學教授代塞羅斯(Karl Deisseroth)、德國柏林洪堡大學教授黑格曼(Peter Hegemann),以及德國維爾茨堡大學教授納格爾(Georg Nagel)3位科學家共享殊榮。諾貝爾大會以極具詩意的頌詞總結這項偉大突破:「趨光性綠藻,給了我們一個控制神經細胞的開關。」

瑞典卡羅琳學院諾貝爾大會指出,理解大腦如何形成記憶、情緒與行為,向來是科學界的終極夢想。本屆3位得主因「發現光敏離子通道並開創光遺傳學」(for discoveries leading to optogenetics)而獲獎,這項劃時代的技術,讓研究人員首度得以在活體大腦中,隨心所欲地「開啟」或「關閉」單一神經細胞的活性,目前已被全球頂尖實驗室廣泛用於探索大腦最深層的未解之謎。

這項革命性技術的源頭,竟然來自微小的綠藻。黑格曼與納格爾發現綠藻之所以具有趨光游動的特性,是因為體內含有一種對光極度敏感的通道蛋白;代塞羅斯隨後巧妙將這套感光機制導入哺乳動物神經系統,成功創立「光遺傳學」(Optogenetics)。

一束光當開關 活體大腦解密記憶

科學家以往試圖研究大腦迴路時,只能使用粗糙的電極刺激或化學藥物,但這類手段往往如亂石投水,會波及周圍無數健康神經元;如今只要透過基因技術將感光開關裝進特定神經細胞,再以極細的微型光纖照光,便能在毫秒瞬間精準操控特定迴路的興奮或抑制。

頌詞中指出,這項方法徹底點亮了黑暗的大腦迷宮,不僅讓科學家得以釐清恐懼、焦慮、成癮與動機的神經迴路,更為帕金森氏症、癲癇、重度憂鬱症等難治神經退化疾病提供了全新的治療標靶,甚至已被嘗試用於修復受損視網膜、助盲人重見光明。

2026年諾貝爾獎自5日起揭開序幕,繼首日生理學或醫學獎揭曉後,物理學獎將於6日登場,7日公布化學獎、8日公布文學獎、9日公布和平獎,經濟學獎則預定於12日壓軸公布。

Open Questions

  • 光遺傳學未來在人類臨床治療上的具體應用時間表為何?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "Optogenetics": Precisely controlling brain nerves and thinking with a beam of light
Science·

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "Optogenetics": Precisely controlling brain nerves and thinking with a beam of light

This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine focuses on "optogenetics". Using green algae photosensitive proteins and genetic engineering, scientists have successfully used a beam of light to precisely control nerve cells in the animal brain within a thousandth of a second. This has been extended to human ophthalmology clinical trials to restore the sense of light to blind people.

自由时报
2 min read
National Taiwan University research team discovered IDD7, a key regulator of symbiosis between rice and fungi
Developing·

National Taiwan University research team discovered IDD7, a key regulator of symbiosis between rice and fungi

After nearly eight years of research, Yang Shuyi's team, associate professor at the Institute of Plant Science at National Taiwan University, discovered that the transcription factor IDD7 is a key switch in maintaining the symbiotic relationship between rice and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Its absence will reduce the degree of fungal symbiosis and affect the development of nutrient exchange structures. The research results have been published in the international journal "Nature Communications".

自由时报
2 min read
my country's Himalayan extreme geological disaster emergency cross-border scientific expedition team sets off for Nepal
Developing·

my country's Himalayan extreme geological disaster emergency cross-border scientific expedition team sets off for Nepal

On October 4, my country’s Himalayan “8·26” extreme geological disaster emergency cross-border scientific expedition team set off from Chengdu to Nepal. More than 50 scientific researchers will conduct a joint cryospheric and lithospheric catastrophe emergency joint scientific expedition to trace the origin of the cross-border debris flow disaster caused by glacier collapse on the northern border of Nepal in the entire basin.

中国新闻网
2 min read
The 10th anniversary of the opening of China’s Sky Eye FAST: The giant eye stares into the deep space and engraves the mark of China
Science·

The 10th anniversary of the opening of China’s Sky Eye FAST: The giant eye stares into the deep space and engraves the mark of China

The 500-meter spherical radio telescope "China Sky Eye" celebrates its tenth anniversary. Over the past ten years, the scientific research team has overcome difficulties and discovered more than 1,300 pulsars, producing a number of original results with global influence, pushing my country into the forefront of radio astronomy research.

中国新闻网
15 min read
More on this topic諾貝爾獎