
俄國計畫於2027年啟用低軌道寬頻衛星系統,旨在提升無人機群即時操控與精準打擊能力
俄羅斯正加速開發名為「曙光」的低軌道衛星系統,預計2027年上線。該系統依賴中國技術,旨在為俄軍提供類似星鏈的即時通訊能力,以強化在烏克蘭戰場的無人機操控與精準打擊效能。
AI-generated summary
「曙光」計畫始於2020年,最初為民用網路計畫,後轉向軍事用途以彌補星鏈終端被禁後的通訊需求。
金融時報8日報導,俄羅斯正加緊腳步發射自有版本的「星鏈」(Starlink)衛星網路。這項名為「曙光」(Rassvet)的低軌道寬頻衛星通訊系統,最快將於2027年上線,屆時將允許俄軍在烏克蘭領土深處,大規模且即時地操控無人機群。
分析人士與烏克蘭軍事情報局警告,「曙光」系統的部署將使俄軍的攻擊更加致命;該系統可讓俄軍長距離傳輸數據,並即時操控無人機,將相對廉價的攻擊無人機轉化為可識別、追蹤並打擊烏克蘭境內移動目標的精準武器,並為飛彈系統提供標定數據。
報導指出,「曙光」計畫始於2020年,最初只是一項旨在讓俄羅斯偏遠地區上網的民間計畫。然而,在入侵烏克蘭初期的閃電戰失敗後,克里姆林宮確信,必須擁有相當於「星鏈」的系統。到了2026年初,當美國太空探索科技公司(SpaceX)決定切斷俄羅斯非法使用的未註冊星鏈終端設備連線後,這項需求變得更加迫切。
俄羅斯官方選定由民營企業「1440局」(Bureau 1440)承接這項挑戰,並在2025年承諾資助其預估高達5147億盧布(約2059億台幣)成本的40%。目前該公司已發射32枚量產型衛星,目標是在2027年前於800公里高空部署超過250枚衛星。烏克蘭軍情局透露,截至今年7月下旬,俄羅斯已在烏克蘭上空對該系統進行「數小時」測試,目前每天最多可提供3小時的連線,但仍不足以應付真實的戰場任務。
儘管俄羅斯總統普廷(Vladimir Putin)聲稱,俄國是憑藉自己的力量發展類星鏈系統,但專家指出,「曙光」計畫嚴重依賴中國技術。烏克蘭智庫「國防改革中心」(CDR)查證顯示,1440局在2025年向供應商支付近6800萬美元的外匯,其中許多與中國有關;數十名員工更曾前往中國的太空與製造中心出差。
CDR指出,西方的制裁仍然「破碎且未同步」,在21家核心供應商中,僅有5家受到西方制裁,且即使一條管道被切斷,替代管道也會迅速出現。
報導指出,防禦俄版星鏈系統將是一大難題。分析師指出,美國無法直接阻止「曙光」在烏克蘭上空傳輸訊號,而實施電子干擾不僅成本高昂,而且範圍受限;若選擇擊落衛星,產生的太空碎片將對所有人造成「自殺式」的毀滅後果。
駐基輔的軍事專家李伊(Rob Lee)更警告,「曙光」的覆蓋範圍不限於烏克蘭,未來恐被用於歐洲任何地方的無人機恐怖攻擊與破壞行動。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
俄羅斯將在2027年前部署超過250枚衛星。
Possible · Within years

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