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Back前韓國駐台代表李殷鎬新書:韓國應學習台灣晶片產業的制度與開放性
前韓國駐台代表李殷鎬新書:韓國應學習台灣晶片產業的制度與開放性
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

前韓國駐台代表李殷鎬新書:韓國應學習台灣晶片產業的制度與開放性

李殷鎬在《晶片經濟學》中分析台積電崛起關鍵,強調水平生態系與改革決心是台灣競爭力核心

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前韓國駐台代表李殷鎬於新書《晶片經濟學》中指出,台灣競爭力源於危機意識下的制度改革與開放生態系。他認為韓國應學習台積電的純代工模式、水平分工及創業文化,並強調台韓在AI時代的供應鏈合作至關重要。

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Why It Matters

李殷鎬為工程學博士,曾任韓國駐台代表。其新書《晶片經濟學》探討台灣半導體產業的制度結構與競爭力。

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本身為工程學博士的前韓國駐台代表李殷鎬在其新著《晶片經濟學》(Chipnomics)中強調,驅動台灣工業競爭力最關鍵的因素並非單純的技術本身,而是在危機中的求變努力。韓國應向台灣學習的是能夠孕育出像台積電這樣公司的制度結構。

李殷鎬接受韓國媒體《亞洲商業日報》(the Asia Business Daily)專訪說,曾經一度落後韓國、深具危機感的台灣,之所以能以台積電為核心崛起,關鍵在於改革,即使對於敏感議題,台灣也持續推進改革。

他說,台灣在2000年代整頓其金融產業結構,大幅降低遺產稅負擔,防止企業與資本流向香港或新加坡。他補充,在韓國,繼承與接班被狹隘看作是「財富世襲」的議題。而在台灣,這是產業政策導向,使中小企業將技術、商業關係和技能人才的傳承視為優先。

對於台積電的競爭力,他強調「開放性」。他說,台積電創辦人張忠謀樹立不與客戶競爭的「純代工」原則,並打造開放創新生態系,讓無廠半導體、IP提供者、設備與材料商以及封裝公司能與台積電共同成長,而非將這些企業納入旗下。這樣的開放性也延伸入董事會,延攬了許多外籍背景與全球產業專家。

他指出,「無論韓國或台灣,都是由大企業主導產業方向。真正的差異在於是採取垂直整合,或是建構一套能發展週邊企業的水平生態系」。

他也注意到兩國在創業文化的差異。他說,在台灣,創業者往往與技術、銷售、財務等專才人士從創業初期便一起分擔責任,而非由創業者承擔所有責任。成功企業家成為後輩創業者的投資人與導師的機制也較成熟。

他也指出,台灣如何降低對中國的依賴,也值得韓國借鏡。許多台商也受廉價勞動力與廣大市場吸引而西進中國,但2010年代開始,他們積極將核心技術與高附加價值生產流回台灣。

他指出,「2010年代企業較容易撤出中國,遷回台灣,但到了2020年代難度大幅提高,越晚重組供應鏈,成本越高」。

他認為,台灣應被視為韓國學習的對象以及合作夥伴。韓國的強項在高頻寬記憶體(HBM)、DRAM與NAND快閃記憶體。台灣則以台積電為核心,建立了穩健的代工、無廠半導體、先進封裝與AI伺服器供應鏈。

在AI時代,記憶體已發展成HBM,須與GPU、晶圓代工與封裝協同設計,SK海力士與台積電之間的合作勢在必行。

Open Questions

  • 韓國企業是否會具體採納書中建議的制度改革?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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