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Back不用植入电极!这款国产脑机接口,对癫痫、抑郁症、“植物人”定制干预方案
不用植入电极!这款国产脑机接口,对癫痫、抑郁症、“植物人”定制干预方案
Science
中国新闻网7 hours agoScience5 min readChinaView translation

不用植入电极!这款国产脑机接口,对癫痫、抑郁症、“植物人”定制干预方案

不开颅、不用植入电极,靠超声波和大脑对话,已应用于癫痫、抑郁症及意识障碍干预研究

Quick Look

中国科学院深圳先进院等科研团队研发出新一代无创超声脑机接口技术。该技术无需开颅或植入电极,通过超声波定向干预毫米级靶点,目前已应用于癫痫、抑郁症及慢性意识障碍患者的临床干预研究并取得进展。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

粤港澳大湾区国际脑机接口产业创新大会暨光明大脑科技周正在广东深圳举办,会上展示了多项最新科研成果。

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最近,广东深圳正在举办粤港澳大湾区国际脑机接口产业创新大会,同步开启国内首个光明大脑科技周。大会上,一套脑机接口成功出圈,它颠覆了我们对传统脑机接口的认识:不开颅、不用植入电极,靠超声波和大脑“对话”。

这就是中国科学院深圳先进院等科研团队攻关的新一代无创超声脑机接口技术。每周3次、每次20分钟,持续4周的干预就有机会唤醒慢性意识障碍患者,即我们常说的“植物人”。

超声波定向干预毫米级靶点

助力脑病康复

提到脑机接口,我们第一反应往往是意念控制,帮助残障人士操控机械装置。但脑机接口的价值,远不止“对外操控”,向内修复神经功能是它更具想象力的方向。它可以向大脑写入精准调控信号,有望激活大脑自身的神经可塑性,重新搭建受损或沉寂的神经通路。这套国产无创超声脑机接口技术目前已应用于癫痫、抑郁症等疾病的干预研究。

在与昆明医科大学合作的初步临床研究里,24名慢性意识障碍受试者中有13名出现了明确的意识行为改善,其中一位患者因脑出血昏迷了3个月,经过30天超声治疗后被成功唤醒,康复后已能对话、自主进食,并能在辅助下行走。

超声波是一种频率较高、人耳听不见的声波。其方向性好、穿透力强,还自带能量。B超、声呐、清洗去污都是它的拿手好戏。想要用它调控大脑,首先要借助磁共振影像为大脑完成高精度的“地图测绘”,锁定需要干预的脑内区域,再把超声波聚焦在毫米级的靶点上。超声波可以穿过坚硬的颅骨,在大脑深处定点汇聚。当超声波能量作用到神经元,就能激活细胞膜上的机械敏感离子通道——它就像神经元电活动的开关,通过调控这个电开关就能调节神经元的放电快慢。

针对不同脑病

灵活“定制”干预策略

癫痫,是局部脑区神经元不受控、高频异常放电,就像电路持续短路,超声就用来抑制这片脑区的过度兴奋;

抑郁症,是大脑情绪调控环路功能失衡,超声则可以调节异常的情绪环路;

“植物人”,涉及丘脑和大脑皮层之间的通信链路受损,整个意识网络陷入沉寂。反复多轮的温和超声干预,能够促进神经网络功能重建,让原本失联、沉睡的神经网络慢慢地恢复通信,帮助大脑重新找回对身体的支配能力,也让意识一点点“醒”过来。

目前脑机接口常见路线分为侵入式、半侵入式、非侵入式三大类,新一代无创超声脑机接口技术是非侵入方向里一条全新的技术路径。脑机的故事,从来不止是酷炫的人机操控,也可以帮助沉睡的大脑、受伤的神经,重新和世界建立联络。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 无创超声脑机接口技术将继续推进临床研究与应用

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 该技术的长期临床疗效如何?
  • 未来何时能实现大规模临床推广应用?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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