
法國各地高中生因校舍破舊、師資短缺、課表過重等問題示威已逾兩週,警民衝突導致超過6500人被捕、750名警員及300名師生受傷。示威同時撞上財政赤字隱憂與少數派政府執政困境,法國公債殖利率飆升至數十年新高,陷政治與經濟雙重夾擊。
AI-generated summary
法國自馬克宏執政以來,公共教育體系長期面臨經費不足、師資短缺與校舍老舊問題。近年教育改革爭議不斷,學生與工會對政府政策不滿累積,此次示威為長期積怨的爆發點。
法國各地高中生抗議學校設施破舊與師資嚴重短缺的示威潮延燒數週,目前仍無平息跡象,加上工會組織再度號召各界抗爭,法國正陷學生示威的政治風暴與公債殖利率飆升雙重夾擊。
● 示威遍及全法 警民激烈衝突
紐約時報引述法國內政部統計,從北部的康城(Caen)到南部的馬賽(Marseille),6日法國全國有數十座城市出現示威者上街,估計共有25萬人參與;與高中生站在同一陣線的工會團體則堅稱實際抗爭人數遠高於此。
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官方數據顯示,6日約有900所學校關閉,但學生方面聲稱停課學校高達1800所,已接近全法3700所高中半數。法國教育部的最新統計指出,7日全法仍有528所學校全面或部分停課。
示威起初以和平方式展開,但隨後迅速演變成與鎮暴警察的暴力衝突,部分示威者用迫擊砲式的煙火朝警察發射。法國官員透露至少24所學校遭洗劫或縱火,官方數據顯示兩週內已有超過6500人遭逮捕,超過750名警員及約300名師生受傷。
● 學生為何示威
發起示威的一個主要學生組織表示,學生對校舍與基礎設施破敗、教室過度擁擠、課表負荷過重、教師與教職員短缺及學校經費不足嚴重不滿。
部分學生也要求廢除國家主導的高等教育入學篩選平台,批評相關機制篩選過程缺乏公平性。
15歲、就讀在聖但尼(St.-Denis)的羅沙派克斯高中(Rosa Parks High School)學生馬赫洛菲(Issam Makhloufi)告訴紐時:「教室沒有通風設備,我們甚至連窗戶都打不開。」
隨總統馬克宏(Emmanuel Macron)任期即將結束,工會與左翼政黨將這場示威視為社會普遍不滿的一環。聲援學生的教師工會領袖韋內蒂泰(Sophie Venetitay)說:「經過馬克宏執政10年,公共教育體系已處於災難狀態,要什麼沒什麼。」
● 當局如何回應?
法國政府強烈譴責暴力行為,並採取強硬措施回應。司法部長達馬南(Gerald Darmanin)表示,他已指示檢察官追究可能的刑事責任,並要求相關家長連帶負起毀損責任。
不過法國政府也承認學生的部分訴求有理。教育部長熱夫雷(Edouard Geffray)表示,政府將收回原本納入2027年度預算的部分高等教育註冊費調漲計畫。
熱夫雷2日與學生代表會面後,宣布改革校園民主機制,讓學生能更充分參與。他也表示教育部將擬定解決教師短缺問題的方案。
● 學生示威撞上債市拋售 法國陷政經雙重夾擊
CNBC新聞網報導,這場最初源於學生向政府施壓,要求解決師資匱乏、課表過長以及校舍殘破等問題的抗爭,如今獲得各年齡層民眾支持。總理勒克努(Sebastien Lecornu)7日表示,將開啟與高中生的對話。
然而這場動盪進一步加劇法國當前面臨的經濟與政治挑戰。未來幾週,法國將面臨艱難的預算協商,政府必須說服國會各黨派,就規模達數百億歐元的財政調整方案達成共識。但法國2024年7月選舉後,目前是未過半的少數政府執政,法案寸步難行。
政治局勢動盪、財政赤字隱憂,加上外界對少數派政府能否落實必要規模的支出削減有所疑慮,引發市場投資人恐慌。法國政府公債殖利率今年飆升至數十年來新高,引發外界普遍對法國可能走向主權債務危機感到擔憂。(編譯:陳亦偉)1151008
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
法國政府將在未來兩週內與學生代表達成部分協議,但警民衝突可能持續
Likely · Within weeks
法國公債殖利率將在未來一個月內維持在高位波動
Likely · Within weeks

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