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Back中新健康|27岁抗癌博主悦悦去世,医生提醒:乳房肿块不能仅凭手感判断
中新健康|27岁抗癌博主悦悦去世,医生提醒:乳房肿块不能仅凭手感判断
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中国新闻网2 hours agoHealth7 min readChinaView translation

中新健康|27岁抗癌博主悦悦去世,医生提醒:乳房肿块不能仅凭手感判断

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27岁抗癌博主悦悦因三阴性乳腺癌离世。专家李妍霜提醒,年轻女性若发现乳房肿块应及时就医,不能仅凭自查或“无痛感”排除恶性可能,并强调了规范筛查与病理诊断的重要性。

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Why It Matters

抗癌博主悦悦在硕士毕业前确诊三阴性乳腺癌,抗癌一年余后去世。三阴性乳腺癌因缺乏靶点,治疗难度较大,且在年轻群体中易被忽视。

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中新网北京10月30日电(罗春昊)10月29日,社交账号“cookie”发布讣告。讣告显示,抗癌博主悦悦已于今年10月27日安然离世,生命最终定格在了27岁。

公开资料显示,悦悦是一名医学生,也是“抗癌博主”,就在硕士即将毕业,刚收到博士录取时,被确诊为三阴性乳腺癌。

患病初期,她曾误以为病灶只是纤维瘤,并未重视,直到她发现腋窝可触及肿大淋巴结,才意识到问题严重,经系列检查和穿刺活检,最终确诊为三阴性乳腺癌。

讣告里说:“她喜欢星黛露,喜欢小兔子。小兔子怕疼、也怕黑,可只要有人牵它一下,它就敢往前走一步——她就是那只小兔子。正如她病重时所说,她只是先去那边盖房子、种花花了。那一边的园子里,有蹦跳的兔子,有开不完的花,没有刺鼻的药水,没有钻心的病痛,她终于可以安安稳稳,睡到自然醒了。”

乳腺癌是我国女性高发恶性肿瘤,日常如何将乳腺癌与纤维瘤进行区别?如何做到早发现早治疗,中新健康邀请首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院乳腺外科副主任医师李妍霜为大家答疑解惑。

摸着像纤维瘤,为什么最后却是癌?纤维瘤会癌变吗?

悦悦最初以为只是纤维瘤,便没有重视。

大家常说的“乳腺纤维瘤”,规范名称是“乳腺纤维腺瘤”,是年轻女性常见的良性肿瘤。李妍霜认为,单纯性纤维腺瘤通常不会明显增加乳腺癌风险。不能把“起初以为是纤维瘤,后来确诊乳腺癌”理解为“纤维腺瘤拖成了癌”。

具体来看,典型的纤维腺瘤往往表面光滑、边界较清、活动度较好;乳腺癌肿块则可能质地较硬、边界不清、活动度较差。李妍霜向中新健康表示,这些只是常见表现,并不是判断良恶性的可靠标准。部分乳腺癌也可以边界较清、活动度较好,不能因为肿块“能推动”或“不疼”就主观排除恶性可能。

日常生活中如果发现肿块,怎么办?

李妍霜建议,发现乳房肿块后,应由乳腺专科医生结合查体和超声等检查进行评估,必要时通过穿刺活检明确性质。对经评估考虑良性的纤维腺瘤,可遵医嘱随访;若明显增大、出现可疑影像表现或症状,则需重新评估是否活检或治疗,并非所有纤维腺瘤都要切除。

三阴性乳腺癌危险在哪里?

悦悦确诊的是三阴性乳腺癌,从确诊到去世,抗癌仅一年余。

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC),这里所谓“三阴性”,是指病理检测中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)三个指标均为阴性。这是一种乳腺癌分型,并不等于晚期。

三阴性乳腺癌约占全部乳腺癌的15%,相较于多数其他类型,通常生长和扩散较快,复发风险较高。李妍霜认为,不同患者的病情差异很大,不能用个别患者的病程推断所有人的结局。

当前,由于缺乏相应靶点,内分泌治疗和针对HER2阳性乳腺癌的常规抗HER2治疗不适用于三阴性乳腺癌。但这并不意味着“无药可治”。

目前,医生会根据分期等情况选择手术、化疗、放疗等综合治疗,符合条件的患者还可联合免疫治疗。

李妍霜表示,早期三阴性乳腺癌通过规范治疗,仍有机会实现长期无病生存。是否先接受新辅助治疗、何时手术、术后如何治疗,应由医生根据病情制定方案。预后情况如何不仅取决于分型,也与发现时的分期、治疗反应等因素有关。

27岁查出乳腺癌,年轻女性到底该怎么查?

常规筛查建议普通女性从40岁开始,但悦悦才27岁。

对此,李妍霜建议,首先要分清“筛查”和“就诊”。筛查主要针对的是没有症状的人群。对一般风险女性,我国通常建议从40岁左右开始规律筛查,具体检查方式和间隔应结合个人情况确定。如果已经摸到肿块或出现异常,则需要及时就诊,不受筛查起始年龄限制。

日常,年轻女性平时应留意乳房与以往不同的变化。新出现的乳房或腋窝肿块、原有肿块明显增大、乳房皮肤凹陷、新出现的乳头内陷、单侧自发性血性溢液等,都应及时到乳腺专科就诊。自查可以帮助发现变化,但不能替代影像检查,也不能凭“没摸到异常”排除乳腺癌。

对于30岁以下新发现乳房肿块的女性,通常首先进行乳腺超声检查;必要时结合乳腺X线摄影等进一步评估。超声能帮助区分囊性和实性病变,但“实性”不等于恶性,“超声看着像良性”也不等于已经获得病理诊断。

若检查提示BI-RADS 4类或5类,通常需要穿刺活检明确诊断。对经综合评估适合随访的BI-RADS 3类病灶,应按医嘱定期复查;如果肿块持续增大,或查体与影像结果不一致,应提前复诊,不能机械地等到下次复查。

对于有乳腺癌或卵巢癌家族史,尤其是亲属年轻时发病、多人患病,以及已知携带BRCA1/2等乳腺癌易感基因致病变异、年轻时接受过胸部放疗的人群,应尽早接受专科风险评估。高风险女性通常需要更早开始筛查,必要时纳入乳腺增强磁共振检查。

医生提醒,年轻、没有家族史,都不能完全排除乳腺癌的可能。发现异常及时就诊,经评估后按医嘱检查、随访或治疗,才是更稳妥的做法。

Open Questions

  • 是否有更多针对年轻女性三阴性乳腺癌的早期筛查手段?

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